Identifying key Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory (ELLI) dimensions associated with academic success amongst postgraduate medical students

Many elements have been identified as contributors of academic success amongst medical students but to group these components in order to develop guidelines for intervention strategies is atypical. One such tool which could allow this possibility is the Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory (ELLI) developed by the University of Bristol. ELLI is an online self-assessment instrument which identifies and measures the dimensions of learner development. It comprises of 90 key questions used to measure the seven dimensions of learning power: changing and learning; meaning making; critical curiosity; creativity; learning relationships; strategic awareness and resilience. This study used ELLI to explore learning dimensions as potential drivers for academic success. A small cohort of thirty-three first year postgraduate medical students consented and completed the first ELLI before starting formal classes. Only eighteen of these completed it a second time, 45 days later. The data from the ELLI questionnaires were analysed both for the whole cohort and separately for each academic performance group (defined using grade point averages). The results showed that the students obtained the highest scores for the meaning making or changing and learning dimensions, and the lowest scores for creativity or resilience. After a period of postgraduate study, only the successful students displayed significant improvements in the mean ELLI scores, with increases for all ELLI dimensions apart from resilience. Those who were less successful made declines in more than one dimension. It was concluded that ELLI is an effective instrument for identifying key learning dispositions and it is proposed that an intervention could be developed in the future to improve academic achievement

Martingales on von Neumann algebras

AbstractWe consider L1 bounded martingales on a von Neumann algebra with respect to a given ascending sequence of von Neumann subalgebras as functionals on the C∗-algebra which is the uniform closure of the union of those subalgebras. We define the singular martingales, prove the “Krickeberg decomposition theorem,” some convergence of the “almost sure” type theorems, and give preliminary results concerning the problem of existence of nonnull singular martingales

Acclimatory response to environmental temperature in two species of marine crab: the stenothermal cancer pagurus and the eurythermal carcinus maenas

Temperature acclimation effects on leg muscle plasma membrane composition and biophysical state, neuromuscular function and whole organism thermal tolerance, and their dependence on the background seasonal acclimatization were investigated in the eurythermal Carcinus maenas and the stenothermal Cancer pagurus. Correlations between the changes observed at each of these levels are discussed. The average winter (5ºC), annual (8ºC), and summer (15ºC) sea-water temperatures and a warmer summer temperature (22ºC) were chosen as acclimation temperatures for their ecological significance. Warm-acclimation (22ºC) increased the thermal tolerance (CTMax) of both species and induced partial compensation of the neuromuscular function (assessed from leg nerve axonal conduction velocity and the amplitudes of excitatory junction potentials in dactylopodite closer muscle fibres). The time-course of acclimation showed it was complete after two weeks, but a longer exposure to 22ºC reduced neuromuscular performance, an effect that may not be acclimation related. At plasma membrane level, the response to warm-acclimation depended on acclimation temperature. Acclimation to 15ºC induced a significant increase in the S/U fatty acids ratio of PC and PE, but no increase in plasma membrane order. Acclimation to 22ºC induced a significant increase in the Ch/PL molar ratio and in plasma membrane order, but no major changes in overall fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids, compared to cold-acclimated crabs. A seasonal background, determined by complex factors, underlined these responses to temperature-acclimation. At all acclimation temperatures, crabs acclimated in autumn and winter had lower S/U fatty acid ratios and Ch/PL molar ratios than in spring, and the temperature dependence of plasma membrane fluidity was reduced in summer, compared to spring and autumn. The response to 15ºC- acclimation was greater in winter than in other seasons. The CTMax and the magnitude or efficacy of the acclimation responses showed that the stenothermal species was more thermally sensitive than the eurythermal species

Geometry of Non-Hausdorff Spaces and Its Significance for Physics

Hausdorff relation, topologically identifying points in a given space, belongs to elementary tools of modern mathematics. We show that if subtle enough mathematical methods are used to analyze this relation, the conclusions may be far-reaching and illuminating. Examples of situations in which the Hausdorff relation is of the total type, i.e., when it identifies all points of the considered space, are the space of Penrose tilings and space-times of some cosmological models with strong curvature singularities. With every Hausdorff relation a groupoid can be associated, and a convolutive algebra defined on it allows one to analyze the space that otherwise would remain intractable. The regular representation of this algebra in a bundle of Hilbert spaces leads to a von Neumann algebra of random operators. In this way, a probabilistic description (in a generalized sense) naturally takes over when the concept of point looses its meaning. In this situation counterparts of the position and momentum operators can be defined, and they satisfy a commutation relation which, in the suitable limiting case, reproduces the Heisenberg indeterminacy relation. It should be emphasized that this is neither an additional assumption nor an effect of a quantization process, but simply the consequence of a purely geometric analysis.Comment: 13 LaTex pages, no figure

Management of the ectopic pregnancy

Introduction. Ectopic pregnancy continues to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality of the first trimester of pregnancy world-wide. The primary objective in the management of EP is that the treatment used is safe i.e. that it avoids maternal death and minimises morbidity, either from the complications of EP or from the complications of treatment. Whilst EP remains an important cause of maternal death, it is an uncommon complication, and most women who are faced with EP will be more concerned with the associated morbidity. Various congenital and acquired risk factors had be related to this condition Classical triad still to be an important tool for clinical diagnosis in patients in reproductive age but it should be completed with serum ßhCG levels and ultrasonography, ultrasonography consider being the best tool for investigation because it's safe, fast, low cost, available and has a high sensitivity to detect the ectopic, now days the improvement in diagnosis techniques leads to increase of cases are detected, however the development of new theories and approaches of treatment are decrease significant the mortality rate. Ectopic pregnancy is associated with reduced subsequent fertility, recurrence of EP in the future and persistence of EP after treatment. The morbidity associated with the method of treatment must also be considered. Aim of study. The diagnosis, assessment and management of women with ectopic pregnancy. Methods and materials. This publication brings more review data and the results of a clinical study that was based on the analysis of clinical and anamnestic data of 173 women with ectopic pregnancy who were enrolled in the Municipal Hospital "Gheorghe Paladi" in 2021. Results. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was observed to make up 2.71% in the period of 2021. A total of 173 ectopic pregnancies were followed in our clinic during the last 1 year. The highest rate of ectopic pregnancy was at 30-35 years and constituted 93 of the women out of 173. We found 38 cases of recurrence EP in our study which represent 21.97% in ratio. It's important that women who had a previous EP to be instructed to have an early scan when they next become pregnant, even when they are asymptomatic. We analysed different risk factor for EP and found that 38 patients have previous EP representing 21.97%, also 32 patients have spontaneous apportion they representing 18.49%, in addition 29 patients have medication induced apportion they represent 16.76%, also 15 patient had cesarean operation in the past and they represent 8.67%, where 10 patients have undergo appendectomy which represent 5.78%, in addition to other risk factors mentioned in the graph. Notably some patients. Conclusion. As EP has a significant associated mortality and morbidity, it is good that more EPs are detected as early as possible. Better diagnostic tools lead to an increase in the number of EPs detected. Changes in sexual behavior patterns - such as more sexual partners - mean that you are more likely to be exposed to sexually transmitted infections and to be able to develop pelvic lesions as a result of this exposure before conception. Changes in reproductive practices, both the introduction of assisted conception techniques and the use of contraceptives that reduce the incidence of intrauterine but not extrauterine pregnancies have an impact on the number of pregnancies that are implanted outside the endometrial cavity. However, if increased detection leads to an increase in therapeutic procedures in women who did not know beforehand that they have an PE which, in turn, is associated with morbidity and mortality, this is not desirable. Reducing mortality and morbidity associated with PE. Raising awareness of the pelvic

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY IS A REPRODUCTIVE CHALLENGE

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Sarcina ectopică rămâne o urgență medicala cu consecințe în aspect reproductiv al femeii, fiind reprezentată cu sarcina ectopică recurentă, aderențele postchirurgicale, impermeabilitatea trompelor uterine după tratament medicamentos. Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea cazurilor de sarcină ectopică recurenta. Material și Metode. Datele anamnestice, clinice și paraclinice a pacientelor au fost prelevate din fișele medicale. Pacientele au fost investigate prin ultrasonografie transvaginală, determinarea nivelurilor HGC din ser. A fost studiată literatura privind cazurile similare. Rezultate. Analizând numărul sarcinilor ectopice pe parcursul anului 2021 înregistrate la SCM ’’Gheorghe Paladi’’ am obținut următorul rezultat: 38 de paciente din 173 s-au internat cu sarcina ectopică recurentă, dintre acestea 2 paciente s-au ales cu salpingectomie și de data asta, fiindcă s-au adresat târziu (trompa uterină ruptă), la 10 femei s-a efectuat salpingectomie, trompa controlaterală fiind afectată, pentru aceste femei conceperea sarcinii rămâne doar cu ajutorul fertilizării in vitro (FIV), restul pacientelor nu au avut consecințe semnificative care pot afecta fertilitatea. Concluzii. Putem spune că sarcina ectopică rămâne una din principale cauze ce pot afecta fertilitatea feminină. Una dintre condiții pentru păstrarea fertilității este trompa controlaterală sănătoasă.Background. Ectopic pregnancy remains a medical emergency with the consequences in the reproductive aspect of the woman, being represented by the recurrent ectopic pregnancy, the post-surgical adhesions, and the impermeability of the fallopian tubes after drug treatment. Objective of the study. Presentation of cases of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Material and Methods. The anamnestic, clinical and paraclinical data of the patients were taken from the medical records. Patients were investigated by transvaginal ultrasonography to determine serum HGC levels. The literature on similar cases has been studied. Results. Analyzing the number of ectopic pregnancies in 2021 registered at Gheorghe Paladi MCH we obtained the following result: 38 patients out of 173 were hospitalized with recurrent ectopic pregnancy, of these 2 patients were chosen with salpingectomy and date this is because they addressed late (ruptured fallopian tube), 10 women a salpingectomy was performed, the contralateral tube being affected, for these women the conception of pregnancy remains only with the help of in vitro fertilization (FIV), the rest of the patients were chosen without consequences significant factors that may affect fertility. Conclusion. We can say that ectopic pregnancy remains one of the main causes that can affect female fertility. One of the conditions for maintaining fertility is the healthy contralateral fallopian tube

Feeding Strategies for Captive Asian Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinereus, Illiger, 1815): What Works to reduce Repetitive Feeding Anticipatory Activity in the Cold Season?

This case-study analysed the behaviour and enclosure use of a pair of Asian small-clawed otters to investigate the impact of changes in feeding strategy on repetitive behaviours associated with feeding anticipation, in the context of the influence of seasonal changes in temperature on these tropical mammals.The otters displayed less swimming and resting/sleeping and more begging, vocalisations and overall vigilance in winter compared to summer, suggesting more hunger due to increased energetic demands for thermoregulation. The introduction of an additional mid-morning feed in winter without increasing the total amount of food per day was only partly effective on the targeted behaviours. The overall vigilance displays and vocalisations increased significantly, resting and sleeping decreased, but begging did not change compared to previous winter and summer values. Begging before the feed at 14:00 hours was less frequent, suggesting less hunger at this time, but increased to higher values later in the afternoon.An increase in the total amount of food per day from 20 to 30 of otter body weight in January 2019, with return to 3 feeds/day, was more effective at reducing the targeted behaviours. There were decreases in overall vigilance displays and in the frequencies of begging and short calls and increases in play behaviours, social affiliative interactions and resting and sleeping, suggesting a reduction in levels of hunger and related stress.This study emphasized the importance of considering how local climate affects enclosure conditions when assessing the nutritional, enrichment and climatisation needs of Asian small-clawed otters

Sarcina ectopică – o provocare din aspect reproductiv

Background. Ectopic pregnancy remains a medical emergency with the consequences in the reproductive aspect of the woman, being represented by the recurrent ectopic pregnancy, the post-surgical adhesions, and the impermeability of the fallopian tubes after drug treatment. Objective of the study. Presentation of cases of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Material and Methods. The anamnestic, clinical and paraclinical data of the patients were taken from the medical records. Patients were investigated by transvaginal ultrasonography to determine serum HGC levels. The literature on similar cases has been studied. Results. Analyzing the number of ectopic pregnancies in 2021 registered at Gheorghe Paladi MCH we obtained the following result: 38 patients out of 173 were hospitalized with recurrent ectopic pregnancy, of these 2 patients were chosen with salpingectomy and date this is because they addressed late (ruptured fallopian tube), 10 women a salpingectomy was performed, the contralateral tube being affected, for these women the conception of pregnancy remains only with the help of in vitro fertilization (FIV), the rest of the patients were chosen without consequences significant factors that may affect fertility. Conclusion. We can say that ectopic pregnancy remains one of the main causes that can affect female fertility. One of the conditions for maintaining fertility is the healthy contralateral fallopian tube.Introducere. Sarcina ectopică rămâne o urgență medicala cu consecințe în aspect reproductiv al femeii, fiind reprezentată cu sarcina ectopică recurentă, aderențele postchirurgicale, impermeabilitatea trompelor uterine după tratament medicamentos. Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea cazurilor de sarcină ectopică recurenta. Material și Metode. Datele anamnestice, clinice și paraclinice a pacientelor au fost prelevate din fișele medicale. Pacientele au fost investigate prin ultrasonografie transvaginală, determinarea nivelurilor HGC din ser. A fost studiată literatura privind cazurile similare. Rezultate. Analizând numărul sarcinilor ectopice pe parcursul anului 2021 înregistrate la SCM ’’Gheorghe Paladi’’ am obținut următorul rezultat: 38 de paciente din 173 s-au internat cu sarcina ectopică recurentă, dintre acestea 2 paciente s-au ales cu salpingectomie și de data asta, fiindcă s-au adresat târziu (trompa uterină ruptă), la 10 femei s-a efectuat salpingectomie, trompa controlaterală fiind afectată, pentru aceste femei conceperea sarcinii rămâne doar cu ajutorul fertilizării in vitro (FIV), restul pacientelor nu au avut consecințe semnificative care pot afecta fertilitatea. Concluzii. Putem spune că sarcina ectopică rămâne una din principale cauze ce pot afecta fertilitatea feminină. Una dintre condiții pentru păstrarea fertilității este trompa controlaterală sănătoasă