Spectroscopy of galaxies in the Bootes Void

The goal of this project is to investigate the physical properties of a sample of galaxies in the Bootes Void, and to classify these galaxies based on the properties of emission lines in their spectra. The spectra of 26 galaxies in the Bootes Void are analyzed. Fourteen galaxies are classified as HII galaxies with properties similar to field HII galaxies. Two of these galaxies, 1432 + 5302 and 1507 + 4554, are classified as extreme starburst (ESB) galaxies. Approximately 48% of the galaxies with measurable H{dollar}\alpha{dollar} + (NII) emission have elevated rates of star formation, based on equivalent widths. Continuum shapes and color indices are in good agreement with photometric results. Analysis of the galaxy continua suggest that approximately 1/3 of the void galaxies have large populations of blue stars. Stellar absorption features are observed in over half the galaxies in the sample, implying the presence of older, higher-metallicity stars; Emission lines are detected from the HI galaxy 1517 + 3949 for the first time. Two systems, 1510 + 4727 and 1517 + 3956, are identified as merging or closely interacting galaxy pairs, bringing the total number of known galaxy pairs in the void to four. The galaxy 1458 + 4944 is found to be a LINER, making at least five AGNs in the void. Classifications of eight galaxies in the sample remain unknown. No emission lines were detected from three galaxies, 1503 + 5428, 1535 + 3831 and 1537 + 5315. Upper limits on line emission from each of these three galaxies are defined; The galaxies in the Bootes Void are shown to be similar to emission line galaxies in the field with respect to stellar populations, emission line properties, fraction of AGNs and fraction of galaxy pairs. This result is inconsistent with some models of galaxy formation in low-density environments

Photometry of the galaxies in the Bootes Void

As part of an investigation into the nature of galaxies in voids, 27 galaxies in the Bootes Void were observed in B, V, R & I filters. Absolute V magnitudes have been calculated for most of the galaxies in the sample to an accuracy of {dollar}\pm{dollar}0.15 mag or better using apertures that correspond to the 24.0 mag/arcsec{dollar}\sp2{dollar} isophote in V. The color indices, B-V, V-R and R-I, have been determined. The results of BVRI photometry on the Bootes Void galaxies indicate that these galaxies appear comparable in magnitude and color to a sample of field emission line galaxies; Analysis of the morphology of these galaxies as determined from their appearance on the CCD images shows that approximately 40% of the galaxies are asymmetric or disturbed. Color changes across several galaxies might indicate recent periods of star formation. Also, the properties of these galaxies are inconsistent with the properties of galaxies predicted to be found in voids

Advancing Autonomous Operations Technologies for NASA Missions

This paper discusses the importance of implementing advanced autonomous technologies supporting operations of future NASA missions. The ability for crewed, uncrewed and even ground support systems to be capable of mission support without external interaction or control has become essential as space exploration moves further out into the solar system. The push to develop and utilize autonomous technologies for NASA mission operations stems in part from the need to reduce operations cost while improving and increasing capability and safety. This paper will provide examples of autonomous technologies currently in use at NASA and will identify opportunities to advance existing autonomous technologies that will enhance mission success by reducing operations cost, ameliorating inefficiencies, and mitigating catastrophic anomalies

Operational Considerations and Comparisons of the Saturn, Space Shuttle and Ares Launch Vehicles

The United States (U.S.) space exploration policy has directed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to retire the Space Shuttle and to replace it with a new generation of space transportation systems for crew and cargo travel to the International Space Station, the Moon, Mars, and beyond. As part of the Constellation Program, engineers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama are working to design and build the Ares I, the first of two large launch vehicles to return humans to the Moon. A deliberate effort is being made to ensure a high level of operability in order to significantly increase safety and availability as well as reduce recurring costs of this new launch vehicle. It is the Ares Project's goal to instill operability as part of the requirements development, design and operations of the vehicle. This paper will identify important factors in launch vehicle design that affect the operability and availability of the system. Similarities and differences in operational constraints will also be compared between the Saturn V, Space Shuttle and current Ares I design. Finally, potential improvements in operations and operability for large launch vehicles will be addressed. From the examples presented, the paper will discuss potential improvements for operability for future launch vehicles

Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties

Meat lipid oxidation causes negative quality effects, especially in further processed products. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and rosemary extract (RM) are common antioxidants, but plant-based tannin compounds have been shown to be effective antioxidants. The objective was to evaluate antioxidant effectiveness, pH, color, and sensory effects of several tannin sources. In study 1, 19 percent fat ground beef was mixed with no treatment (control), BHA/BHT (0.02percent), RM (0.2percent), or 0.25percent or 0.5percent powders of Chardonnay grapeseed (CG), Norton grapeseed (NG), CitruSmart (CS), or dried cherry (CP). Raw and cooked patties were aerobically stored for 0 to 5 days at 4 degrees C. Cooked patties were analyzed using the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. Raw patties were analyzed for pH, instrumental color, subjective color, and ingredient specks. Study 2 was similar, except the treatments were 0.25percent and 0.5percent powders of CG, chestnut (CN), mimosa (M), and quebracho (Q) tannins, as well as 0.5percent NG, 0.02percent BHA/BHT, 0.2percent RM, and a control. In study 1, only the NG and CG pre-cooked patties had similar or lower TBARS values compared to RM and BHA/BHT patties. All tannin treatments, except 0.25percent CG and 0.25percent CS, lowered pH compared to the control. Patties with NG and 0.5percent CG were darker, and tannin-treated patties were not redder than the control. Patties with CG and 0.5percent NG were less yellow. Subjectively, tannin-treated patties did not have less discoloration during storage, and the CG and NG patties had numerous visible ingredient specks. In study 2, CN, M, Q, and 0.5percent CG treated patties had low TBARS during storage. pH was slightly lower in CG and CN patties than the control. All tannin-treated patties were darker than the control patties, except patties containing 0.25percent CG and Q, and control patties had the highest red values. Tannin-treatments patties, except CN and Q patties, were less yellow. Subjectively, only 0.25percent M patties had less discoloration than control patties, while 0.5percent CN patties were more discolored. Norton and Chardonnay grapeseed flour and chesnut, mimosa, and quebracho powders would be recommended for pre-cooked ground beef patties based on their antioxidant effectiveness in these studies

Autonomous Payload Operations Onboard the International Space Station

Operating the International Space Station (ISS) involves many complex crew tended, ground operated and combined systems. Over the life of the ISS program, it has become evident that by having automated and autonomous systems on board, more can be accomplished and at the same time reduce the workload of the crew and ground operators. Engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville Alabama, working in collaboration with The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory have developed an autonomous software system that uses the Timeliner User Interface Language and expert logic to continuously monitor ISS payload systems, issue commands and signal ground operators as required. This paper describes the development history of the system, its concept of operation and components. The paper also discusses the testing process as well as the facilities used to develop the system. The paper concludes with a description of future enhancement plans for use on the ISS as well as potential applications to Lunar and Mars exploration systems

Simon Says (Fall 2017)

In this issue: Movie Night at the Library Civil War Goes Digital Exploring Space with CSU Libraries and Coca Cola Space Science Center The CSU Libraries Celebrates Banned Books Week Traveling Librarians Host Workshop on River Park Campus Hot Off the Press: New Databases at CSU Libraries Library Events and Exhibits CSU Libraries Connectedhttps://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/library_newsletters/1021/thumbnail.jp

Operational Concept for the NASA Constellation Program's Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

Ares I design brings together innovation and new technologies with established infrastructure and proven heritage hardware to achieve safe, reliable, and affordable human access to space. NASA has 50 years of experience from Apollo and Space Shuttle. The Marshall Space Flight Center's Mission Operations Laboratory is leading an operability benchmarking effort to compile operations and supportability lessons learned from large launch vehicle systems, both domestically and internationally. Ares V will be maturing as the Shuttle is retired and the Ares I design enters the production phase. More details on the Ares I and Ares V will be presented at SpaceOps 2010 in Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A., April 2010

Carcass Composition of Market Weight Pigs Subjected to Heat Stress in utero or during Growth

Pigs were exposed to prolonged chronic heat stress (HS) and thermoneutral (TN) conditions prenatally (during first of last half of gestation) or postnatally (7-10 wk starting at 14 wk of age). Gestational HS had minimal impact on carcass composition but may impact skeletal system structure and development. Additionally, results indicate that while similar levels of lean can be achieved in pigs subjected to chronic postnatal HS with increased time on feed, carcass fat may be decreased with HS