5,364 research outputs found
From the Indian socialism to the Kingdom of Truth and Live: Reinaga’s utopĂas
El objetivo del artĂculo es reconstruir analĂticamente las utopĂas del indianismo y del amautismo presentes en la obra del pensador quechuaymara Fausto Reinaga. Tomamos la nociĂłn de utopĂa propuesta por un filĂłsofo de Nuestra AmĂ©rica para aplicarla al “socialismo indio” en tanto utopĂa indianista y al “reino de la verdad y vida” en tanto utopĂa amáutica. Introducimos interrogantes sobre los modos de entender el espaciotiempo del pensamiento quechuaymara diferentes de una concepciĂłn progresista del tiempo. Finalmente, planteamos algunos desafĂos a partir de las ideologĂas y filosofĂas producidas por sujetos indios de la regiĂłn andina sudamericana.This article aims to reconstruct analytically the utopias of Indianism and Amautismpresent in the works of the Quechuaymara thinker Fausto Reinaga. We use the notion of “utopia” proposed by a philosopher of Our America to apply it to the “Indian Socialism” as an indianist utopia, and to the “kingdom of truth and life” as an amautic utopia. We will also put forth questions related to the ways of understanding the space-time in the Quechuaymara thought, which differs from a progressive conception of time. Finally, we will propose some challenges based on the ideologies and philosophies produced by Indian subjects of the Andean region of South America.Fil: Cruz, Gustavo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Universidad CatĂłlica de CĂłrdoba; Argentin
Labor Informality: Choice or Sign of Segmentation? A Quantile Regression Approach at the Regional Level for Colombia
The labor market in developing countries is remarkably heterogeneous with a small productive formal sector, enjoying high wages and attractive employment conditions and another large informal sector with low productivity and volatile wages. The informal sector is particularly diverse. In this paper we examine the heterogeneity of the informal sector at regional level in Colombia. In general, our findings suggest that, both voluntary and involuntary informal employment co-exist by choice and as a result of labor market segmentation. We also find that there are striking differences in labor market characteristics between cities, in particular in the traditional informal segment
A BI-LEVEL SCHEME FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AIR TRANSPORTATION ON LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
An approach to assess the impact of the creation or expansion of an air transport infrastructure over regional development is proposed in this paper. Effective long term planning of this costly investment requires performing an overall analysis of socio-economic consequences through long term forecasting, scenario generation and risk analysis. One of main aspects of this task is related with the estimation of future demand over the modified transportation network which attends the considered region. The proposed approach makes use of two complementary models: One model is devoted to demand forecasting taking into account the modified accessibility of the multimodal transportation network, the other one defines the global transport supply according to a profit maximization behavior for the involved transport system. The demand forecasting process is based on an entropy maximization approach with flexible origin-destination levels to determine the intensity and the distribution of new origin-destination vectors. A two level solution technique considering vehicle flows at the first level and the payload/passengers flows at the second level is introduced. The proposed solution scheme is composed of an iterative process between the current solution for demand forecasting and the supply optimization problem: the entropy maximizing distribution problem provides the origin-destination matrix given a cost/capacity structure, while the supply optimization problem provides this cost/capacity structure resulting from the accessibility level, given the updated origin-destination vectors. The proposed approach is illustrated in the case of a fast developing rural agro-industrial area in central Brazil, where the consequences of the installation of a medium size airport are assessed.
Informalidad regional en Colombia. Evidencia y Determinantes
Este trabajo estudia los diferenciales regionales en el grado de informalidad laboral en Colombia. El análisis descriptivo muestra diferencias locales en el grado de informalidad que son producto de caracterĂsticas econĂłmicas y sociales propias de cada regiĂłn, que están asociadas con la estructura productiva y la cercanĂa con otros centros urbanos. Se estiman modelos de datos de panel en los que se relaciona la informalidad laboral con la participaciĂłn porcentual del sector industrial dentro del PIB departamental (variable proxy del enfoque estructural de la informalidad) y el tamaño del gasto en nĂłmina por habitante de cada regiĂłn (variable proxy del grado de burocratizaciĂłn o eficiencia del Estado que caracteriza el enfoque institucional de la informalidad). La evidencia muestra que la informalidad tiene relaciĂłn inversa con el grado de desarrollo industrial de las ciudades y directa con la variable de corte institucional, además de la existencia de un factor local importante.Informalidad laboral, análisis regional, desarrollo industrial, eficiencia estatal.
The GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes the development of hippocampal dendritic arbors and spines via NCAM
The formation of synaptic connections during nervous system development requires the precise control of dendrite growth and synapse formation. Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFRα1 are expressed in the forebrain, the role of this system in the hippocampus remains unclear. Here, we investigated the consequences of GFRα1 deficiency for the development of hippocampal connections. Analysis of conditional Gfra1 knockout mice shows a reduction in dendritic length and complexity, as well as a decrease in postsynaptic density specializations and in the synaptic localization of postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal neurons. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Finally, in vitro assays revealed that GDNF-GFRα1- induced dendrite growth and spine formation are mediated by NCAM signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex is essential for proper hippocampal circuit development.Fil: Irala, Dolores. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Bonafina, Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Fontanet, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Alsina, Fernando Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Paratcha, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Ledda, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologĂa Celular y Neurociencia; Argentin
The QUEST RR Lyrae Survey: III. The Low Galactic Latitude Catalogue
We present results for the QUEST RR Lyrae Survey at low galactic latitude,
conducted entirely with observations obtained with the QUEST mosaic camera and
the 1.0/1.5m J\"urgen Stock Schmidt telescope at the National Observatory of
Venezuela. The survey spans an area of 476 sq. deg on the sky, with multi-epoch
observations in the V, R and I photometric bands for 6.5x10^6 stars in the
galactic latitude range 30<= b(deg) <=+25, in a direction close to the Galactic
Anticenter 190<= l(deg)<= 230. The variability survey has a typical number of
30 observations per object in V and I and ~25 in R, with up to ~120-150 epochs
in V and I and up to ~100 in R in the best sampled regions. The completeness
magnitudes of the survey are V=R=18.5 mag, and I=18.0 mag. We identified 211 RR
Lyrae stars, 160 bona fide stars of type ab and 51 candidates of type c, ours
being the first deep RR Lyrae survey conducted at low galactic latitude.The
completeness of the RR Lyrae survey was estimated in >95 per cent and ~85 per
cent for RRab and RRc stars respectively. Photometric metallicities were
computed based on the light curves and individual extinctions calculated from
minimum light colours for each RRab star. Distances were obtained with typical
errors ~7 per cent. The RR Lyrae survey simultaneously spans a large range of
heliocentric distances 0.5<= R_hel(kpc)<=40 and heights above the plane
-15<=z(kpc)<=+20, with well known completeness across the survey area, making
it an ideal set for studying the struc ture of the Galactic thick disk.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Comparison of four different programs for the analysis of hemispherical photographs using parameters of canopy structure and solar radiation transmittance
There have been many studies involving the use of hemispherical photographs to indirectly estimate canopy structures and forest light environments. A variety of commercial and free software packages are available for the analysis of hemispherical photographs. The costs of investment might represent an advantage of the free programmes over the commercial, but as yet little has been documented about the differences in their outputs and in the technical applications from a user (ecologist and forester) perspective. The objective of the study was to compare the canopy structure variables (canopy openness and effective plant area index) and solar radiation transmission estimates (direct, diffuse and global solar radiation transmittances) from digital hemispherical photographs taken under two forest canopy conditions (gap and closed canopy) in three different broadleaf forest regions (Chile, Germany, Venezuela) and calculated using four different programmes. The hemispherical photographs were analysed using one commercial (HemiView) and three free programmes (Gap Light Analyzer, hemIMAGE and Winphot). The results obtained revealed that all of the programmes computed similar estimates of both canopy structures and below-canopy solar radiation. Only the results relating to the effective plant area index with an ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution made with HemiView and Winphot deviated significantly. Other user aspects are also discussed, such as costs, image formats, computer system requirements, etc.In vielen Studien werden Hemisphärenphotos genutzt um indirekt die Kronenstruktur und die Belichtungsverhältnisse zu schätzen. Verschiedene kommerzielle und kostenfreie Softwarepakete sind zu Analyse von Hemisphärenphotos verfügbar. Es gibt bisher keine umfassende Vergleichsstudie zu Ergebnissen oder technischer Handhabung aus Sicht der Nutzer dieser Programme (Ökologen und Forstwissenschaftler). Das Ziel dieser Studie war der Vergleich der Schätzungen von Kronenstrukturvariablen (Kronenöffnung und effektiver Pflanzenflächenindex) Solartransmission (direkte, diffuse und Global-Strahlung) aus digitalen Hemisphärenphotos berechnet mit vier verschiedenen Programmen (kostenpflichtig: Hemi- View und frei: Gap Light Analyzer, hemIMAGE and Winphot). Die verwendeten Photos stammen aus drei verschiedenen Laubwaldregionen (Chile, Deutschland und Venezuela) und repräsentieren jeweils Verhältnisse unter geschlossenem Kronendach und in Lücken. Die ermittelten Schätzungen für die verschiedenen Strukturvariablen und Einstrahlungsverhältnisse zeigten eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmung. Einzig der effektive Pflanzenflächenindex basierend auf ellipsoider Blattwinkelverteilung unterschied sich signifikant zwischen den Programmen. Weitere für Nutzer interessante Aspekte wie Kosten, Bildformate, Systemvoraussetzungen und mehr wurden verglichen und diskutiert
Economic and social convergence in Colombia (WP)
GDP has usually been used as a proxy for human well-being. Nevertheless, other social aspects should also be considered, such as life expectancy, infant mortality, educational enrolment and crime issues. With this paper we investigate not only economic convergence but also social convergence between regions in a developing country, Colombia, in the period 1975-2005. We consider several techniques in our analysis: sigma convergence, stochastic kernel estimations, and also several empirical models to find out the beta convergence parameter (cross section and panel estimates, with and without spatial dependence). The main results confirm that we can talk about convergence in Colombia in key social variables, although not in the classic economic variable, GDP per capita. We have also found that spatial autocorrelation reinforces convergence processes through deepening market and social factors, while isolation condemns regions to nonconvergence
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