The problem of the Sexta parte de comedias escogidas

La bibliografía del Siglo de Oro se complica por culpa de las ediciones piratas que pueden resultar engañosas. Después de analizar las técnicas de impresión por los profesionales y los fraudulentos del Siglo de Oro, el autor analiza la conocidísima problemática de la existencia de diferentes copias de la 'Sexta parte de comedias escogidas'. El objetivo final del artículo es plantear una hipótesis sobre dónde y cuándo fueron impresas las sueltas de la Sexta parte de comedias, además del lugar y la fecha de composición de los volúmenes. The bibliography of the Golden Age is complicated by pirated editions which can be deceptive. After analyzing different printing techniques used by professionals and pirates in the Golden Age, the author takes up the well-known problematic existence of several varying copies of the 'Sexta parte de comedias escogidas'. This paper tries to make hypotheses about where and when the sueltas of the 'Sexta parte de comedias escogidas' were produced, as well as about the place and date of assembly of the volumes

Algunos hitos en la evolución de lo cómico en Calderón

A primera vista, Calderón es un escritor mucho menos «autobiográfico» que Lope: no tiene, por ejemplo, un personaje como el Belardo lopiano para darnos el punto de vista del autor. Es evidente, sin embargo, que se refiere en algunas obras a su propia situación, y a la de los miembros de su familia. Es evidente también que le interesaban mucho los personajes femeninos inteligentes y resueltos, aunque no podemos identificar sus modelos no históricos para éstos, si los hubo. Tampoco es fácil saber por qué comenzó a realizar experimentos con las «comedias grises» al final de la década de 1630, aunque su actitud crítica para con los hombres que tratan mal a las mujeres todavía se encuentra en obras tardías como ‘Fieras afemina amor’ (1671) y ‘Las armas de la hermosura’ (1676).------------------------------------------------------At first sight, Calderón is a much less «autobiographical» writer than Lope: for example, he has no character like Lope’s Belardo to give us the author’s point of view. It is clear, however, that he refers in some works to his own situation and to that of members of his family. It is also clear that he was very interested in intelligent and determined female characters, although we cannot identify his non-historical models for these, if there were any. Nor is it easy to know why he began to experiment with dark comedies in the late 1630s, although his critical attitude towards men who ill-treat women is still found in late works such as ‘Fieras afemina amor’ (1671) and ‘Las armas de la hermosura’ (1676)

Una carta casi desconocida de Calderón de la Barca, y “El Templo de Palas” de Francisco de Avellaneda

Francisco de Avellaneda es uno de los dramaturgos menos famosos del siglo XVII: actuó como censor de comedias, y tiene fama de entremesista, pero también escribió una zarzuela, “El templo de Palas”. Uno de los tomos colectivos de la British Library (T.1737) contiene un ejemplar de la única edición conocida de la obra (Nápoles, 1675), estrenada en julio de 1675, probablemente en el Coliseo del Buen Retiro. Esta edición suelta facilita los únicos detalles conocidos del estreno, y nombra a los actores que actuaron en la loa, el entremés y la mojiganga; también incluye una carta de Calderón a Avellaneda, lamentando haber perdido la representación a causa de su «poca salud», dándole las gracias por prestarle el borrador para que lo leyese, y asegurándole que pudo imaginarse la representación por medio del texto escrito. Avellaneda escribió una de las aprobaciones para la “Cuarte parte” de don Pedro en 1672, pero se desconoce el grado de amistad que existía entre él y el dramaturgo.Francisco de Avellaneda is one of the less famous dramatists of the seventeenth century: he acted as a censor, and is best known as an entremesista, but he also wrote a zarzuela, “El templo de Palas” One of the British Library’s collected volumes of Spanish plays (T.1737) contains a copy of the only known edition (Naples, 1675) of the play, premiered in July 1675, probably in the Coliseo del Buen Retiro. The suelta provides the only known details of this performance, naming the actors who took part in the loa, entremés and mojiganga, and includes a letter from Calderón to Avellaneda, apologising for missing the performance because of his «poor health», thanking Avellaneda for lending him the borrador to read, and assuring him that he was able to imagine the performance from the written text. Avellaneda wrote one of the approbations for Calderón’s “Cuarte parte” in 1672, but the extent of his friendship with the dramatist is not clear

Acromegaly, Mr Punch and caricature.

The origin of Mr Punch from the Italian Pulcinella of the Commedia dell'arte is well known but his feature, large hooked nose, protruding chin, kyphosis and sternal protrusion all in an exaggerated form also suggest the caricature of an acromegalic. This paper looks at the physical characteristics of acromegaly, the origin of Mr Punch and the development of caricature linking them together in the acromegalic caricature that now has a life of its own

Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 over-expression in primary and metastatic ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death from gynaecological malignancies world wide. Little improvement has been made in the long-term outcome of this disease, with the 5-year survival of patients only 30%. This poor prognosis is due to the late presentation of the disease and to the unpredictable response of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. The cytochrome P450 enzymes are a superfamily of haemoproteins, known to be involved in the metabolic activation and/or detoxification of a number of anti-cancer drugs. CYP1B1 is a tumour-related form of cytochrome P450 which is over expressed in a wide variety of primary tumours of different histological type. The presence of CYP1B1 may be of importance in the modulation of these tumours to anti-cancer drugs. We have conducted a comprehensive immunohistochemical investigation, into the presence of cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 in primary and metastatic ovarian cancer. The key findings of this study are the increased expression of CYP1B1 in the majority of ovarian cancers investigated (92%), with a strong correlation demonstrated between CYP1B1 expression in both primary and metastatic ovarian cancer (P= 0.005 Spearman's rank correlation test). In contrast no detectable CYP1B1 was found in normal ovary. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

Culture change in elite sport performance teams: Examining and advancing effectiveness in the new era

Reflecting the importance of optimizing culture for elite teams, Fletcher and Arnold (2011) recently suggested the need for expertise in culture change. Acknowledging the dearth of literature on the specific process, however, the potential effectiveness of practitioners in this area is unknown. The present paper examines the activity's precise demands and the validity of understanding in sport psychology and organizational research to support its delivery. Recognizing that sport psychologists are being increasingly utilized by elite team management, initial evidence-based guidelines are presented. Finally, to stimulate the development of ecologically valid, practically meaningful knowledge, the paper identifies a number of future research directions

The Birmingham Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) project : developments towards selective internal particle therapy

This paper will review progress on two aspects of the Birmingham BNCT project. Firstly on evaluation of the effects of high and low LET radiations when delivered simultaneously, and secondly on attempts to optimise delivery of the boron carrier compound BPA through pharmacokinetic studies. Simultaneous or non-simultaneous irradiations of V79 cells with alpha-particle and X-ray irradiations were performed. Alpha doses of 2 and 2.5 Gy were chosen and the impact on survival when delivered separately or simultaneously with variable doses of X-rays was evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of the delivery of a new formulation of BPA (BPA-mannitol) are being investigated in brain tumour patients through a study with 2 × 2 design featuring intravenous and intracarotid artery infusion of BPA, with or without a mannitol bolus. On the combined effect of low and high LET radiations, a synergistic effect was observed when alpha and X-ray doses are delivered simultaneously. The effect is only present at the 2.5 Gy alpha dose and is a very substantial effect on both the shape of the survival curve and the level of cell killing. This indicates that the alpha component may have the effect of inhibiting the repair of damage from the low LET radiation dose delivered simultaneously. On the pharmacokinetics of BPA, data on the first three cohorts indicate that bioavailability of BPA in brain ECF is increased substantially through the addition of a mannitol bolus, as well as by the use of intracarotid artery route of infusion. In both cases, for some patients the levels after infusion approach those seen in blood, whereas the ECF levels for intravenous infusion without mannitol are typically less than 10% of the blood values