A lupine (Lupinus angustifolious L.) peptide prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice

Bioactive peptides are related to the prevention and treatment of many diseases. GPETAFLR is an octapeptide that has been isolated from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and shows anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential activity of GPETAFLR to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or HFD. Two of the groups fed the HFD diet were treated with GPETAFLR in drinking water at 0.5 mg kg-1 day-1 or 1 mg kg-1 day-1. To determine the ability of GPETAFLR to improve the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, histological studies, hepatic enzyme profiles, inflammatory cytokine and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins were analysed. Our results suggested that HFD-induced inflammatory metabolic disorders were alleviated by treatment with GPETAFLR. In conclusion, dietary lupine consumption can repair HFD-induced hepatic damage possibly via modifications of liver's lipid signalling pathways

High-density lipoproteins and immune response: A review

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are heterogeneous lipoproteins that modify their composition and functionality depending on physiological or pathological conditions. The main roles of HDL are cholesterol efflux, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. These functions can be compromised under pathological conditions. HDLs play a role in the immune system as anti-inflammatory molecules but when inflammation occurs, HDLs change their composition and carry pro-inflammatory cargo. Hence, many molecular intermediates that influence inflammatory microenvironments and cell signaling pathways can modulate HDLs structural modification and function. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the importance of HDL composition and anti-inflammatory function in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, immune cell activation during progression of atheroma plaque formation can be influenced by HDLs through HDL-derived cholesterol depletion from lipid rafts and through HDL interaction with HDL receptors expressed on T and B lymphocytes. Cholesterol efflux is mediated by HDL receptors located in lipid rafts in peripheral cells, which undergo membrane structural modifications, and interferes with subsequent molecules interactions or intracellular signaling cascades. Regarding antigen-presentation cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells, HDL function may then modulate lymphocytes activation in immune response. Our review also contributes to the understanding of the effects exerted by HDLs in signal transduction associated to our immune cell population during chronic diseases progression.Junta de Andalucía US-126345

High-Density Lipoproteins and Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality and the study of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) particle composition and functionality has become a matter of high interest, particularly in light to the disappointing clinical data for HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) raising therapies in CVD secondary prevention and the lack of association between HDL-C and the risk of CVD. Recent evidences suggest that HDL composition and functionality could be modulated by diet. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) on changes in HDL structure and functionality in humans. A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Web of Science) and 13 records were chosen. MD showed favorable effects on HDL functionality, particularly by improving HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and decreasing HDL oxidation. In addition, HDL composition and size were influenced by MD. Thus, MD is a protective factor against CVD associated with the improvement of HDL quality and the prevention of HDL dysfunctionality.España Junta de Andalucía Grant US-126345

Obesity-associated metabolic disturbances reverse the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins in microglial cells

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport and present antioxidant properties, among others. In the central nervous system (CNS), there are HDLs, where these lipoproteins could influence brain health. Owing to the new evidence of HDL functionality remodeling in obese patients, and the fact that obesity-associated metabolic disturbances is pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant, the aim of this study was to investigate if HDL functions are depleted in obese patients and obesity-associated microenvironment. HDLs were isolated from normal-weight healthy (nwHDL) and obese men (obHDL). The oxHDL level was measured by malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynoneal peroxided products. BV2 microglial cells were exposed to different concentrations of nwHDL and obHDL in different obesity-associated pro-inflammatory microenvironments. Our results showed that hyperleptinemia increased oxHDL levels. In addition, nwHDLs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines’ release and M1 marker gene expression in BV2 microglial cells. Nevertheless, both nwHDL co-administered with LPS+leptin and obHDL promoted BV2 microglial activation and a higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thus confirming that obesity-associated metabolic disturbances reverse the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDLs in microglial cells.Junta de Andalucía US-126345

Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties of Chia Protein Hydrolysates in Primary Human Monocyte–Macrophage Plasticity

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed has high potential in the development of functional food due to its protein content with a special amino acid profile. Among the hematopoietic-derived cells, monocytes are endowed with high plasticity, responsible for their pro- and anti-inflammatory function in M1 and M2 phenotype polarization, respectively. Indeed, monocytes are involved in several oxidative- and inflammatory-associated disorders such as cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This study was designed to investigate the role of chia protein hydrolysates (CPHs) in primary human monocyte–macrophage plasticity response using biochemical, RT-qPCR, and ELISA assays. Our results showed that CPHs reduce ROS and nitrite output, as pro inflammatory cytokine secretion, and enhance the expression and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, CPHs reverse LPS-associated M1 polarization into M2. These findings open new opportunities for developing nutritional strategies with chia as a dietary source of biopeptides to prevent the development and progression of oxidative- and inflammatory-related diseases.Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo 119RT056

Medida del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad utilizando tres metodologías:Medición de colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad

Considering that there is still no standard methodology for routine determination of low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) it was decided to evaluate their analytical determination using three techniques: homogeneous enzymatic determination, polyvinyl sulphate precipitation and Friedewald formula. Ninety-eight serum samples were processed; triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and LDL-c were determined. Mean total cholesterol was 194.46 ± 43.54 mg/dL, HDL-C was 51.12 ± 12.36 mg/dL and TG was 132.88 ± 76.93 mg/dL. Although regression analysis showed a good correlation between LDL-c, the results showed a statistically significative difference in them when TG levels exceeded 200 mg/dL. It was mainly observed in the precipitation method and the Friedewald formula, the latter values being significantly lower (LDL-C by precipitation: 141.3 ± 26.2 mg/dL, LDL-C by the Friedewald formula: 110, 1 ± 35.4 mg/dL). Moreover, this difference affected the proportion of individuals classified according to their coronary risk. It is necessary to compare the techniques applied in this study with beta quantification to assess which has a higher level of accuracy

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein Hydrolysates Promote Anti-Inflammatory Response in Primary Human Monocytes

Hemp seeds have a wide variety of chemical compounds which present biological activity. Specifically, the focus on proteins and bioactive peptides are increasing as alternative sources of nutraceutical uses. In the literature, hemp protein products (HPPs) have reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the inflammation-related modulatory effects of HPPs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated primary human monocytes. CD14+ cells were immunomagnetically isolated from buffy coats and the anti-inflammatory activity of hemp protein isolate (HPI) and hydrolysates (HPHs) was evaluated on LPS-stimulated human primary monocytes. The specific markers of inflammation, polarization, and chemoattraction were measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA assays. Our results showed that HPPs decreased the pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-4). In addition, M1 polarization marker gene expression (CCR7 and iNOS) was downregulated by HPPs and, M2 polarization marker gene expression (CD200R and MRC1) was upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of chemotaxis genes (CCR2 and CCL2) was downregulated by HPPs. In conclusion, this study suggests that HPPs may improve chronic inflammatory states and promote regenerative processes by reprogramming monocytes toward M2 polarization phenotypeMinisterio de Ciencia, innovación y Universidades CYTED-2019 119RT056

Calcio, Magnesio, Zinc y Cobre en leche madura de madres lactantes y su relación con el estado nutricional. Guacara estado Carabobo

La leche humana posee una alta biodisponibilidad de calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), zinc (Zn) y cobre (Cu). El objetivo fue determinar la concentración de Ca, Mg, Zn y Cu, en leche madura materna y su relación con el estado nutricional de madres lactantes que asistieron a consulta post-natal del Hospital “Dr. Miguel Malpica” Municipio Guacara, Estado Carabobo. Metodología. La muestra estuvo conformada por 82 madres lactantes, entre 25 y 30 días postparto; a las que se les extrajo manualmente 15 a 20 mL de leche y almacenadas a -70ºC hasta análisis. Se determinó concentración de Ca, Mg, Zn y Cu, por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Indicadores bioquímicos (albúmina) y hemoglobina de muestra de sangre previo ayuno. Se realizó historia clínica, examen físico, diagnostico nutricional antropométrico (DNA) por índice de masa corporal (IMC), patrón de consumo de alimentos y aspectos socioeconómicos. Resultados. Edad promedio 24,9 ± 5,8 años; estratos IV y V; IMC: 25,0 ± 3,7 kg/m2; DNA: 8,5% déficit nutricional, 75,6% normales, 15,9% sobre la norma. Se encontraron valores promedios normales de Ca (334,70 ± 76,10 μg/mL), Mg (24,80 ± 6,61 μg/mL ) y Zn (2,86 ± 1,08 μg/mL). Valor de Cu elevado (1,52 μg/mL) respecto al rango establecido como normal. La concentración de Zn se encontró significativamente más alta en el estrato IV (3,03 ± 1,06 μg/mL) respecto al estrato V (2,26 ± 0,98 μg/mL) (p < 0,008). Conclusión. Las muestras de leche de las madres lactantes, en este estudio, presentaron concentraciones promedio normales de Ca, Mg, Zn y un valor elevado de Cu, a pesar de encontrarse en situación de pobreza (estratos IV y V). The human milk possesses a high biodisponibility of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The objective was to determine the concentration of Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu, in mature maternal milk and its relationship with the nutritional state of nursing mothers that attended in post-partum consultation in the Hospital” Dr. Miguel Malpica” Municipality Guacara. Carabobo State. Methodology. The sample was shaped by 82 nursing mothers, between 25 and 30 days of postpartum; 15-20 mL of milk was taken by manual extraction and kept at -70ºC until analyzed. Concentration of Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Biochemical indicators (albumin) and hemoglobin were determined from blood in fast. Clinical history, physical exam, anthropometric nutritional diagnosis (DNA), was carried out by body mass index (BMI); pattern of consumption of food and socioeconomic aspects Results. Average age 24.9 ± 5.8 years; strata IV and V; BMI average 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2, DNA: 8.5 % nutritional deficit, 75.6% normal y 15.9 % above the norm. Concentrations of Ca (334.70 ± 76.10 μg/mL); Mg (24.80 ± 6.61 μg/mL); Zn (2.86 ± 1.08 μg/mL) inside the established ranges as normal, except Cu (1.52 ± 0.34 μg/mL) high value regarding the established range as normal. Zn´s concentration there was significantly higher in the strata IV (3.03 ± 1.06 μg/mL) with respect to strata V (2.26 ± 0.98 μg/mL) (p < 0.008). Conclusion. The samples of milk of the nursing mothers, in this study, presented normal concentrations average of Ca, Mg, Zn and a Cu´s high value, in spite of being in situation of poverty (strata IV and V)

Moderate beer consumption and metabolic health: A comprehensive review from the lipoprotein perspective

effects on our health. Regarding cardiovascular disease, research needs to consider the amount consumed but also drinking thresholds, frequency of drinking, age and gender of consumers, lifestyle, or non-alcoholic com ponents of beers. Nevertheless, epidemiological evidence points to healthy effects of low or moderate beer consumption and even a protective action for cardiovascular risk and diabetes, discouraging heavy intakes without any exception. Beer components include alcohol and phenolics, both of which alter high- or low-density lipoprotein levels and their oxidation status in blood. This review aims to highlight the importance of the metabolic mechanism by which beer components may influence lipid profile in terms of quantity and func tionality, modulating cardiovascular risk. This is a major challenge for our society in light of the remarkable impact of cardiovascular diseases in all-cause mortality

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry

20 Páginas.-- 4 Tablas.-- 3 FigurasWine production is an ancient human activity that generates several by-products, which include some constituents known for their potential in health care and for their role in the food or cosmetic industries. Any variety of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds available from their juice or solid parts. Grape seed extract has demonstrated many activities in disease prevention, such as antioxidant effects, which make it a potential source of nutraceuticals. Grape seed is a remarkable winery industry by-product due to the bioactivity of its constituents. Methods for recovery of oil from grape seeds have evolved to improve both the quantity and quality of the yield. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals present in the oil of V. vinifera L. make this wine by-product a source of natural nutraceuticals. Food and non-food industries are becoming novel targets of oil obtained from grape seeds given its various properties. This review focuses on the advantages of grape seed oil intake in our diet regarding its chemical composition in industries not related to wine production and the economic and environmental impact of oil production.The APC was funded by VI Own Research Plan (University of Seville, 2020/CTS-1074).Peer reviewe