News, lies and videotape: creating a permanent memory of televised truth: an initiative to remember the past and take the TRC forward

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: The TRC; Commissioning the Past, 11-14 June, 199

Planning for the Return of Separated Children Seeking Asylum: An Inter-Country Social Service Perspective

A variety of circumstances contribute to an increasingly large number of minors who leave family, home, and country to seek asylum on foreign soil. They present special challenges to state and local authorities, to relevant non-governmental agencies, and to the international community. This paper considers the planning needs for these minors for whom asylum is denied and for whom return to country of origin needs to be arranged. The paper highlights the need for a social service perspective, such as provided by International Social Service, to be included in the planning process.Des circonstances très variées contribuent au fait qu’un nombre croissant de mineurs abandonnent leurs familles, leur patrie et leur pays pour aller chercher asile dans un pays étranger. Ils posent des défis particuliers aux autorités locales et nationales, aux organismes non-gouvernementaux et à la communauté internationale. Cet article examine les besoins au niveau de la planification pour pouvoir aider ceux de ces mineurs qui se voient refuser le droit d’asile et pour qui on doit faire des arrangements pour leur retour dans leur pays d’origine. L’article souligne la nécessité d’adopter, dans le processus de planification, une approche des services sociaux, comme par exemple celle de Service Social International

A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the planning system in protecting the cultural heritage values invoked by battlefields in England and Scotland in the face of developmental pressure.

The governments of England and Scotland have placed an impetus on delivering economic growth and new housing, creating demands on land for development. This demand has impacted on historic battlefields, which have been the focus of planning applications in relation to these areas. The general and dedicated protection measures afforded to battlefields in England and Scotland through the planning system positions them as valued heritage and cultural resources. In addition, it has been acknowledged that battlefields are culturally significant places which hold an important place in a nation’s consciousness. However, little research has been done which seeks to understand the specific cultural heritage values which are invoked by historic battlefields and how well these are protected through the planning system.To address this gap in knowledge, this dissertation evaluates the effectiveness of the English and Scottish conservation and development management systems in protecting historic battlefields and establishes the broad range of cultural heritage values associated with them. Through a comprehensive literature review, historic battlefields and sites of conflict were positioned as places which invoke a range of emotions, can be sites which can convey a strong sense of place, offer opportunities for education, recreation and social contact and have a strong symbolic and spiritual value. In addition, it was noted that the values and emotions invoked by battlefields and sites of conflict can be shaped through social memory and identity, literary influences, film and media.Four case studies investigated planning applications impacting on historic battlefields in England and Scotland. These evaluated the extent to which public perception of value in regard to each battlefield was complementary with their protection and management. In keeping with the literature review, it was noted that each historic battlefield invoked a unique range of cultural heritage values, with these values influencing public objection within each case study. Analysis of the reasons for public objection to planning applications also revealed that they shared a number of common factors. These include the battlefield’s ability to invoke spiritual, historical, social, communal and symbolic values.Despite battlefields being places of cultural significance and sharing common themes in public objection to development, the level these were taken into account through the conservation and development management systems varied. Whereas the Scottish planning authorities made reference to a proposed development’s impact on cultural heritage value, the English planning authorities made no reference to this. Furthermore, in only one case study, Bannockburn, did the views of the public, the planning authority and the government’s heritage advisor align with regards to the impact of development on the battlefield and cultural heritage value. This indicates a need for planning authorities and the government’s heritage advisor to give greater consideration to these values, in keeping with the protection measures afforded to them. The recommendations in this dissertation provide guidance on ways this can be achieved, particularly stressing the need to engage with the community and other relevant stakeholders in defining cultural heritage values to ensure that the cultural significance of historic battlefields is retained now and into the future

Get Back! The Use of Personal Space Among College Students

Research on personal space has found that individual cultures and ethnic groups have a similar preference for the use of personal space within each respective group. Differences in the use of personal space exist across gender, as women tend to share a closer proximity than men. The purpose of this study was to measure the use of personal space among college students. Use of personal space was defined in this study as the preference or need for a specific amount of personal space. Specifically, the researcher hypothesized differences across gender and ethnicity would be found. Survey methodology was used to measure different variables of personal space among private university students (N=102). The results indicated that male students feel more comfortable than female students in greeting an acquaintance of the opposite gender with a hug or a kiss. Female students reported being more comfortable than male students in greeting an acquaintance of the same gender. An agenda for future research that includes cultural differences among college students was described

A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the planning system in protecting the cultural heritage values invoked by battlefields in England and Scotland in the face of developmental pressure.

The governments of England and Scotland have placed an impetus on delivering economic growth and new housing, creating demands on land for development. This demand has impacted on historic battlefields, which have been the focus of planning applications in relation to these areas. The general and dedicated protection measures afforded to battlefields in England and Scotland through the planning system positions them as valued heritage and cultural resources. In addition, it has been acknowledged that battlefields are culturally significant places which hold an important place in a nation’s consciousness. However, little research has been done which seeks to understand the specific cultural heritage values which are invoked by historic battlefields and how well these are protected through the planning system.To address this gap in knowledge, this dissertation evaluates the effectiveness of the English and Scottish conservation and development management systems in protecting historic battlefields and establishes the broad range of cultural heritage values associated with them. Through a comprehensive literature review, historic battlefields and sites of conflict were positioned as places which invoke a range of emotions, can be sites which can convey a strong sense of place, offer opportunities for education, recreation and social contact and have a strong symbolic and spiritual value. In addition, it was noted that the values and emotions invoked by battlefields and sites of conflict can be shaped through social memory and identity, literary influences, film and media.Four case studies investigated planning applications impacting on historic battlefields in England and Scotland. These evaluated the extent to which public perception of value in regard to each battlefield was complementary with their protection and management. In keeping with the literature review, it was noted that each historic battlefield invoked a unique range of cultural heritage values, with these values influencing public objection within each case study. Analysis of the reasons for public objection to planning applications also revealed that they shared a number of common factors. These include the battlefield’s ability to invoke spiritual, historical, social, communal and symbolic values.Despite battlefields being places of cultural significance and sharing common themes in public objection to development, the level these were taken into account through the conservation and development management systems varied. Whereas the Scottish planning authorities made reference to a proposed development’s impact on cultural heritage value, the English planning authorities made no reference to this. Furthermore, in only one case study, Bannockburn, did the views of the public, the planning authority and the government’s heritage advisor align with regards to the impact of development on the battlefield and cultural heritage value. This indicates a need for planning authorities and the government’s heritage advisor to give greater consideration to these values, in keeping with the protection measures afforded to them. The recommendations in this dissertation provide guidance on ways this can be achieved, particularly stressing the need to engage with the community and other relevant stakeholders in defining cultural heritage values to ensure that the cultural significance of historic battlefields is retained now and into the future

Length, Weight, and Yield in Channel Catfish, Lake Diane, MI

Background: Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are important to both commercial aquaculture and recreational fisheries. Little published data is available on length-weight relationships of channel catfish in Michigan. Though there is no record of public or private stocking, channel catfish appeared in Lake Diane between 1984 and 1995 and it has developed into an excellent fishery. 
Materials and Methods: Sport angling provided 38 samples which were weighed and measured (fork length). Fillets were also weighed. The best fit estimates of parameters a and b in the model, W(L) = aLb, were obtained by both linear least-squares (LLS) regression (log(W) = log(a) + b log(L)) and non-linear least-squares (NLLS) regression. Best-fit parameters of an improved model, W(L) = (L/L1)^b, were also determined by NLLS regression; the parameter L1 is the typical length of a fish weighing 1 kg. The resulting best-fit parameters, parameter standard errors, and covariances are compared between the two models. The average relative weight for this sample of channel catfish is also determined, along with the typical meat yield obtained by filleting. 
Results: NLLS regression yields parameter estimates of b = 3.2293 and a = 0.00522. The improved model yields the same estimate for the exponent, b, and a length estimate (parameter L1) of 45.23 cm. Estimates of uncertainty and covariance are smaller for the improved model, but the correlation coefficient is r = 0.995 in both cases. LLS regression produced different parameter values, a = 0.01356 and b = 2.9726, and a smaller correlation coefficient, r = 0.980. On average, catfish in the sample weighed 106.0% of the standard weight, (Brown et al.) and the linear regression (no slope) of fillet yield vs. total weight suggests a typical fillet yield of 28.1% with r = 0.989.
Conclusion: Most of the fish in the sample were above the standard weight, heavier than the 75th percentile for their length. Channel catfish are doing well in Lake Diane and the population is well matched to the food supply. Management should attempt to maintain current population levels. In this case, the improved length-weight model, W(L) = (L/L1)^b, provided lower uncertainties in parameter estimates and smaller covariance than the traditional model.
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Effects of a bi-directional pedal pattern on fatigue in cycling

xiv, 118 leaves : ill. ; 29 cmThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a bi-directional pedal pattern (a combination of forward and backward pedaling), on the process of fatigue in cycling. Thirty-three subjects participated in this study (18 trained, age 31.4±11.1 years, average 9.6±9.7 years training; 15 untrained, age 28.6±11.3 years). Subjects participated in four sessions on different days: a maximum sustained power test, followed by three tests to voluntary fatigue for each of these randomly assigned pedal patterns (forward only, backward only and a bi-directional (BI)). Heart rate and blood lactate measured the intensity of exercise. Kinetic, kinematic and EMG data quantified the fatigue process. Main results show that the BI pedal pattern delayed the onset of fatigue in untrained subjects. Future research should explore the BI pedal pattern after subjects train in backward pedaling, as well as the optimal forward to backward pedaling ratio for the BI pedal pattern

Australian mental health consumers' contributions to the evaluation and improvement of recovery-oriented service provision

Background: one key component of recovery-oriented mental health services, typically overlooked, involves genuine collaboration between researchers and consumers to evaluate and improve services delivered within a recovery framework. Method: Eighteen mental health consumers working with staff who had received training in the Collaborative recovery Model (CrM) took part in in-depth focus group meetings, of approximately 2.5 hours each, to generate feedback to guide improvement of the CrM and its use in mental health services. Results: Consumers identified clear avenues for improvement for the CrM both specific to the model and broadly applicable to recovery-oriented service provision. Findings suggest consumers want to be more engaged and empowered in the use of the CrM from the outset. Limitations: improved sampling procedures may have led to the identification of additional dissatisfied consumers. Conclusions: Collaboration with mental health consumers in the evaluation and improvement of recovery-oriented practice is crucial with an emphasis on rebuilding mental health services that are genuinely oriented to support recovery

The Signal Provision of Emotion: Using Emotions to Enhance Reliability Via Sensemaking

High reliability organization (HRO) theory suggests that early detection of and swift responses to potentially hazardous and situation changing events in organizational environments is central to the sustainability of reliable operations. Limited research on HRO’s (e.g. military groups and firefighters) considers how normative demands on feeling and emotion help to explain why some events are recognized and responded to while others not. In this article, we propose a model of enactment of anomalous events (i.e., situation changing events) that considers the manner in which emotions are regulated in high reliability contexts and how this influences the extent to which early indicators of anomalous events are heeded or dismissed. In this article, we seek to provide a theoretical framework for explaining both the enabling mechanisms by which emotions may function as a signaling resource in the detection of anomalous events and the constraining mechanisms through when emotion regulation processes may inhibit reliability. We discuss implications of the model for researchers and practitioners in high reliability organizations