Space bioreactor: Design/process flow

The design of the space bioreactor stems from three considerations. First, and foremost, it must sustain cells in microgravity. Closely related is the ability to take advantage of the weightlessness and microgravity. Lastly, it should fit into a bioprocess. The design of the space bioreactor is described in view of these considerations. A flow chart of the bioreactor is presented and discussed

Codeword Stabilized Quantum Codes

We present a unifying approach to quantum error correcting code design that encompasses additive (stabilizer) codes, as well as all known examples of nonadditive codes with good parameters. We use this framework to generate new codes with superior parameters to any previously known. In particular, we find ((10,18,3)) and ((10,20,3)) codes. We also show how to construct encoding circuits for all codes within our framework.Comment: 5 pages, 1 eps figure, ((11,48,3)) code removed, encoding circuits added, typos corrected in codewords and elsewher

Occupation Patterns of Amish Settlements in Wisconsin

This article explores occupation patterns of Amish households and settlements in Wisconsin. Wisconsin has seen dramatic growth in Amish settlements over the past 50 years. Using household occupation data reported in Amish directories, dairy producer license listings, and surveys of Amish leaders in 2012 and 2015, this article describes primary household economic activities. Key findings include (1) a rate of 58 percent of Wisconsin’s Amish households are employed in some type of farming, (2) 37.4 percent of all Wisconsin Amish households have dairy herds, and (3) in 32 percent of Amish settlements, woodworking jobs dominated. Maps visualize the proportion of households in each settlement engaged in dairying, produce growing, woodworking, carpentry, cabinet and furniture making, and sawmill work, suggesting some spatial patterns. The relationship between occupations and Amish affiliation is also explored

Age Verification in the 21st Century: Swiping Away Your Privacy, 23 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 363 (2005)

Today a lot of private businesses have adopted the practice of driver\u27s license swiping where proof of age or security issues arise. This practice has beneficial uses for both private entities, in identifying underage persons and those with fake identification, and law enforcement. However, the problem arise when the private sector, businesses are not using the information to merely identify underage customers or those with fake identification but store the information encoded on the barcode in a computer database. No federal laws and very few state laws regulate the collection and use of this information while the private sector is not following the basic guidelines to make people aware that their information is being collected electronically and to alert them to how it is being used. This comment argues that United States citizens have a right to privacy with regard to the information contained on their identification cards. First, the background of how personal information is being stored on Driver’s license is presented and a more detailed description of how swiping technology works follows. Next the author examines the state and federal regulations currently existing to govern this practice of driver\u27s license swiping. The Fair Information Practice Principles are also being presented and a brief history of their application is given. Then, all the current applications of swiping, including law enforcement and private enterprise use is examined and a more detailed analysis of the potential costs and benefits of scanning and data retention is given to determine whether the practice should continue to be unregulated in private enterprises. It is argued that a person should have the right to purchase something that is legal without having to exchange his or her sensitive information for this item and that people should be aware that their information is being collected and receive notice as to how it could be used. In conclusion, it is suggested that legislation be put in place to regulate the practice of scanning and storing patron\u27s personal information since it is almost inevitable that once the practice of swiping becomes widespread among private enterprises that must check for proof of age, this information may fall into the wrong person\u27s hands

Dead Ends and Dirty Secrets: Legal Treatment of Negative Information, 25 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 619 (2008)

This article discusses the process of innovation and releasing so-called negative information to help others in the process to innovate. The article focuses on patent law and asks the questions: Why do people innovate? Does the legal system really reflect how the process of innovation actually occurs

Justifying Property Rights in Native American Traditional Knowledge

This paper reconsiders the theoretical objections to property rights. It asks whether, notwithstanding the differences between traditional knowledge and the inventions and works covered by orthodox patent and copyright law, valid policy reasons might exist for creating a parallel system of property-like traditional knowledge rights. Answering that question requires a close look at why legal systems would ever choose to grant property rights in products of the mind. This discussion, set out in Part II, must include analyses not only of the standard argument in favor of intellectual property rights-the reward for creativity theory-but also other possible reasons to grant someone exclusive rights in knowledge. The unique policy concerns associated with traditional knowledge, especially when that knowledge is held by a non-mainstream culture, may make these alternate justifications for property rights more compelling

Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Revisiting the Doctrine of Reverse Passing off in Trademark Law

During the past twenty years, courts have increasingly come to accept a cause of action for reverse passing off. Unlike the more typical case of passing off, reverse passing off occurs when a defendant sells a product manufactured by a plaintiff under the defendant\u27s own mark. Despite this difference, courts regularly invoke federal and state trademark laws, including the Lanham Act, to give the plaintiff a right to recover. This Article challenges that conclusion. It argues that the Lanham Act does not actually support a cause of action against a defendant who engages in reverse passing off. In addition, most producers should not have a right to insist that they be acknowledged as the source of a product. The only exception to this conclusion is for artists, who, for several reasons, warrant this sort of protection