Nutrients and water quality for lakes and streams (2006)

To understand why nutrient management is important on your farm, you need to appreciate how nutrients affect water quality. This guide answers frequently asked questions about the relationship between nutrients and water quality.New 1/06/3M

Strategies to minimize phosphorus loss from your farm (2006)

This guide discusses steps you can take to reduce phosphorus loss from your farm. See Nutrients and Water Quality of Lakes and Steams (G9221), and Agricultural Phosphorus and Water Quality (G9181) for more information on how phosphorus lost from agricultural fields affects water quality.New 1/06/3M

Managing nitrogen to protect water quality

AGRICULTURALMU GuidePUBLISHED BY MU EXTENSION, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIANutrient managementNitrogen is a highly mobile nutrient that can be lost to the air, in runoff and through the soil. The high mobility of nitrogen creates unique nutrient management requirements to ensure fertilizer remains in the soil long enough to benefit your crop. A significant proportion of a poorly timed nitrogen fertilizer application can be lost before the target crop has a chance to use it. For example, if nitrogen for a corn crop is applied in early fall losses from winter and spring rains can deplete much of the nitrogen fertilizer from the soil before the plant can use it during the growing season. There are three water quality concerns associated with loss of nitrogen from agricultural fields: Using high nitrate-nitrogen drinking water to make milk formula can reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of blood in babies and young livestock. Nitrogen in runoff can contribute to eutrophication in some freshwater streams and lakes. Nitrogen is the primary contributor to the hypoxic (low oxygen) 'dead zone' that forms in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. Nitrogen lost from Missouri fields ultimately reaches the Mississippi River, contributing to the hypoxia problem in the Gulf. Improving nitrogen management improves both water quality and the effectiveness of fertilizer nitrogen for meeting agronomic goals.John A. Lory and Steven Cromley (Division of Plant Sciences and Commercial Agriculture Program)Reviewed November 2018 -- websit

Strategies to minimize phosphorus loss from your farm

AGRICULTURALMU GuidePUBLISHED BY MU EXTENSION, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIANutrient managementThis guide discusses steps you can take to reduce phosphorus loss from your farm. See Nutrients and Water Quality of Lakes and Steams (G9221), and Agricultural Phosphorus and Water Quality (G9181) for more information on how phosphorus lost from agricultural fields affects water quality.John A. Lory and Steven Cromley (Division of Plant Sciences and Commercial Agriculture Program)Reviewed November 2018 -- websit

Relationships Between the Built Environment and Walking and Weight Status Among Older Women in Three U.S. States

There are few studies of built environment associations with physical activity and weight status among older women in large geographic areas that use individual residential buffers to define environmental exposures. Among 23,434 women (70.0±6.9 years; range = 57-85) in 3 states, relationships between objective built environment variables and meeting physical activity recommendations via walking and weight status were examined. Differences in associations by population density and state were explored in stratified models. Population density (odds ratio (OR)=1.04 [1.02,1.07]), intersection density (ORs=1.18-1.28), and facility density (ORs=1.01-1.53) were positively associated with walking. Density of physical activity facilities was inversely associated with overweight/obesity (OR=0.69 [0.49, 0.96]). The strongest associations between facility density variables and both outcomes were found among women from higher population density areas. There was no clear pattern of differences in associations across states. Among older women, relationships between accessible facilities and walking may be most important in more densely populated settings

Location patterns of urban industry in Shanghai and implications for sustainability

China’s economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term “urban industry” describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percentage of industrial firms that have either closed or relocated from city centres to the urban fringe and beyond, emergent global cities such as Shanghai, are implementing strategies for local economic and urban development, which involve urban industrial upgrading numerous firms in the city centre and urban fringe. This study aims to analyze the location patterns of seven urban industrial sectors within the Shanghai urban region using 2008 micro-geography data. To avoid Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) issue, four distance-based measures including nearest neighbourhood analysis, Kernel density estimation, K-function and co-location quotient have been extensively applied to analyze and compare the concentration and co-location between the seven sectors. The results reveal disparate patterns varying with distance and interesting co-location as well. The results are as follows: the city centre and the urban fringe have the highest intensity of urban industrial firms, but the zones with 20–30 km from the city centre is a watershed for most categories; the degree of concentration varies with distance, weaker at shorter distance, increasing up to the maximum distance of 30 km and then decreasing until 50 km; for all urban industries, there are three types of patterns, mixture of clustered, random and dispersed distribution at a varied range of distances. Consequently, this paper argues that the location pattern of urban industry reflects the stage-specific industrial restructuring and spatial transformation, conditioned by sustainability objectives

Nutrients and water quality for lakes and streams (2018)

To understand why nutrient management is important on your farm, you need to appreciate how nutrients affect water quality. This guide answers frequently asked questions about the relationship between nutrients and water quality.John Lory and Steven Cromley (Division of Plant Sciences and Commercial Agriculture Program)New 1/06/3M, Reviewed November 2018--MU Extension website (viewed June 2019

Using Accelerometry and Wearable GPS Units to Measure Trail Users’ Physical Activity: Preliminary Findings

In recent years, there has been a growing body of public health research examining the role of community trails and paths in the promotion and maintenance of physical activity. However, little is known about how much activity occurs on trails, the impact of community trails on overall physical activity levels or about the relationships between specific trail characteristics and utilization. The integration of activity measurements technologies, specifically accelerometers and wearable global positioning system (GPS) units that can track spatial patterns of activity, provide a unique opportunity to study some of these issues. The current transdisciplinarystudy builds on a previous Active Living Research project that developed and evaluated objective geographic information system (GIS) measures of trail characteristics. This will be accomplished by objectively measuring activity of users with two devices and linking activity data to detailed environmental data on trails

Community Trails in Community Context: GIS Analysis of Associations between Trail and Neighborhood Characteristics

This research examines the site and situation characteristics of community trails as landscapes promoting physical activity. Trail segment and neighborhood characteristics for six trails in urban, suburban, and exurban towns in northeastern Massachusetts were assessed from primary Global Positioning System (GPS) data and from secondary Census and land use data integrated in a geographic information system (GIS). Correlations between neighborhood street and housing density, land use mix, and sociodemographic characteristics and trail segment characteristics and amenities measure the degree to which trail segment attributes are associated with the surrounding neighborhood characteristics