42 research outputs found

    Computer models of price and output determination in the livestock-meat economy

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    Evaluation of alternative market organizations in a simulated livestock-meat economy

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    The economic effects of alternative forms of market organization can be studied by direct observation or by experimenting with a simulated economy. The experimental approach in the study of market behavior is a relatively new but important technique for the analysis of many policy issues in American agriculture. Experimenting on a simulated system is not an analytical approach confined to academic issues; it has its counterpart, for example, in the engineering fields. Major engineering installations often are based on studies involving the use of models in simulated situations; the experimental results provide a basis for more accurately anticipating the actual performance of a dam, a bridge or a vehicle under different conditions. Similarly, simulation in economic research involves model building and manipulation that makes possible. the telescoping of years of actual experience into a matter of minutes and a few dollars worth of computer time

    Correlation of gene expression and protein production rate - a system wide study

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Growth rate is a major determinant of intracellular function. However its effects can only be properly dissected with technically demanding chemostat cultivations in which it can be controlled. Recent work on <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>chemostat cultivations provided the first analysis on genome wide effects of growth rate. In this work we study the filamentous fungus <it>Trichoderma reesei </it>(<it>Hypocrea jecorina</it>) that is an industrial protein production host known for its exceptional protein secretion capability. Interestingly, it exhibits a low growth rate protein production phenotype.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have used transcriptomics and proteomics to study the effect of growth rate and cell density on protein production in chemostat cultivations of <it>T. reesei</it>. Use of chemostat allowed control of growth rate and exact estimation of the extracellular specific protein production rate (SPPR). We find that major biosynthetic activities are all negatively correlated with SPPR. We also find that expression of many genes of secreted proteins and secondary metabolism, as well as various lineage specific, mostly unknown genes are positively correlated with SPPR. Finally, we enumerate possible regulators and regulatory mechanisms, arising from the data, for this response.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on these results it appears that in low growth rate protein production energy is very efficiently used primarly for protein production. Also, we propose that flux through early glycolysis or the TCA cycle is a more fundamental determining factor than growth rate for low growth rate protein production and we propose a novel eukaryotic response to this i.e. the lineage specific response (LSR).</p

    Effects of Simulated Changes in Consumer Preference on the Meat and Poultry Industries

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    Consumer preferences for meat may be changing, If so, market clearing retail prices will be higher or lower than If no such changes occurred It Will be several year,s before statistical analysts have enough price-quantity observations to determine whether these alleged shifts m preference for meat products began m the eighties This article reports the Simulated Impacts on the livestock and crops sectors of several combinations of assumed shifts in consumer preference for beef, pork, and frying chickens over a lO-year perio

    Simulated Interregional Models of the Livestock-Meat Economy

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    Excerpt from the report Summary: Optimal interregional trade patterns for slaughter cattle and hogs, and beef and pork are determined under several alternative market conditions that might occur in the midseventies. Projections of cattle and hog production for slaughter, beef and pork consumption, slaughter capacity, transportation costs, and labor costs for slaughter in 26 regions of the continental United States provide the basic data for the model used. The spatial model developed and used by Judge, Havlicek, and Rizek in Research Bulletin 163 was used to determine the optimal flows of both livestock and meat. In this model, both livestock and meat transportation costs and slaughter labor costs are minimized, subject to the maximum slaughter capacity available in each region
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