Strategic Management in Emerging Economies: a Research Agenda

The fragility of the global economy has been evidenced extensively over the past few years. The rapidity at which change can impact worldwide economies has invigorated a major concern in emerging economies. That concern is one of how to play the game when the rules of the game are changing and not completely known. The intent of this research agenda is to fuse early ideas in emerging markets with more recent research from a wide variety of scholars so as to develop a 21st century research agenda for emerging economies. This research agenda offers 20 broad research questions within the emerging economies context, with a major focus on challenges, institutional voids, and growth strategies

Potentiation of microglial toll-like receptor stimulated inflammatory cytokine output by manganese: a role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

Manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity has been recognized for a long time and it affects primarily the basal ganglia. However, only recently has inflammation, which is known to play an important role in neuropathology, been considered as part of its toxic mechanism. In the current study, we have shown that Mn-potentiation of inflammatory cytokines ( IL-6 and TNF-á) in microglia is not dependent on the activaton of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway by lipolysaccharide (LPS), as potentiation by Mn is observed in microglia activated with agonists for other TLR, such as TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9. Furthermore, enhancement of inflammatory cytokine production by Mn is independent of the MyD88 signaling pathway , as Mn-potentiation in TLR3-activated microglia occurs by a signaling pathway which is MyD88- independent. Additionally, inhibition of p38, ERK, or JNK mitogen-activated protein Kinases (MAPK) prevented Mn-potentiation, which suggest that these MAPK are required for potentiation of inflammatory cytokines by Mn. We also observed that Mn exposure results in persistent activation of p38. The prolonged activation of p38 may be due to increased activation of the ‘upstream’ MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)-1/2 or MKK-4, or to decreased expression of the phosphatase, mitogen- activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), that is responsible for deactivating p38. Overall, it appears that Mn potentiates microglial inflammatory cytokine output in conjunction with diverse stimuli by an unknown mechanism, but likely involving MAPK and perhaps extending their activation, that of p38 in particular. This ability of Mn to potentiate brain inflammation should be considered as part of its neurotoxic mechanism

Development of a stereo 3-D pictorial primary flight display

Computer-generated displays are becoming increasingly popular in aerospace applications. The use of stereo 3-D technology provides an opportunity to present depth perceptions which otherwise might be lacking. In addition, the third dimension could also be used as an additional dimension along which information can be encoded. Historically, the stereo 3-D displays have been used in entertainment, in experimental facilities, and in the handling of hazardous waste. In the last example, the source of the stereo images generally has been remotely controlled television camera pairs. The development of a stereo 3-D pictorial primary flight display used in a flight simulation environment is described. The applicability of stereo 3-D displays for aerospace crew stations to meet the anticipated needs for 2000 to 2020 time frame is investigated. Although, the actual equipment that could be used in an aerospace vehicle is not currently available, the lab research is necessary to determine where stereo 3-D enhances the display of information and how the displays should be formatted

Photoproduction of Quarkonium in Proton-Proton and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

We discuss the photoproduction of $\Upsilon$ and $J/\psi$ at high energy $\bar{p}p$, $pp$ and heavy ion colliders. We predict large rates in $\bar{p}p$ interactions at the Fermilab Tevatron %and in heavy-ion interactions at the CERN LHC. These reactions can be and in $pp$ and heavy-ion interactions at the CERN LHC. The $J/\psi$ is also produced copiously at RHIC. These reactions can be used to study the gluon distribution in protons and heavy nuclei. We also show that the different CP symmetries of the initial states lead to large differences in the transverse momentum spectra of mesonsComment: 4 pgs. with 3 figure

Energy Security: Shaping the Consumer Decision Making Process in Emerging Economies

Energy security is a universal concern among all countries, with all nations struggling for a sustainable solution. Solar technologies are a particularly beneficial utility for emerging economies due to both geography and affordability. Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is one of the highest potential growth markets in emerging economies due to the ability for small-scale systems to be placed on residential rooftops. Distribution of PV to individual homeowners is a new buying and selling process for what has traditionally been a business-to-business marketplace. Because the consumer market is at an infant stage in emerging economies, the messages that PV companies send to consumers will ultimately shape consumer perception about renewable energy. Through content analysis of websites from 12 companies in two of the BRICS markets, this research explores the similarities and differences with regard to consumer-facing messages among companies of various sizes in the two markets

Compact expressions for spherically averaged position and momentum densities

Compact expressions for spherically averaged position and momentum density integrals are given in terms of spherical Bessel functions (j(n)) and modified spherical Bessel functions (i(n)), respectively. All integrals required for ab initio calculations involving s, p, d, and f-type Gaussian functions are tabulated, highlighting a neat isomorphism between position and momentum space formulae. Spherically averaged position and momentum densities are calculated for a set of molecules comprising the ten-electron isoelectronic series (Ne-CH₄) and the eighteen-electron series (Ar-SiH₄, F₂-C₂H₆).This work was supported by an Australian Research Council grant to Professor Peter Gill Grant No. DP0664466

Computation and interpretation of molecular Omega intracules

The Omega intracule is a three-dimensional function that describes the relative positions, momenta, and directions of motion of pairs of electrons in a system. In this paper, we describe the computation of the Omega intracule for a molecular system whose electronic wave function is expanded in a Gaussian basis set. This is followed by implementation details and numerical tests. Finally, we use the Omega intracules of a number of small systems to illustrate the power of this function to extract simple physical insights from complicated wave functions.We thank the ANU and ARC Grant Nos. DP0664466 and DP0771978 for funding