Trasmissione di Grapevine Leafroll associated Ampelovirus 1 (GLRaV-1) mediante Planococcus citri (Risso)(Hemiptera Pseudococcidae)

Nella tesi è stata valutata la capacità di ogni singolo stadio neanidale e della femmina di Planococcus citri di acquisire e trasmettere GLRaV-1, che rappresenta uno degli agenti eziologici del "Complesso dell'Accartocciamento fogliare" della vite. Le indagini sono state compiute anche su materiali allevati in vitro. La ricerca si è svolta in due fasi: nella prima è stata individuata la temperatura più idonea a cui svolgere le prove di acquisizione e di trasmissione del virus e l'intervallo temporale entro cui svolgere le prove, sulla base della definizione della durata minima dei vari stadi preimaginali; nella fase successiva sono state svolte le indagini di acquisizione e di trasmissione. In particolare, le ricerche di acquisizione sono state effettuate utilizzando foglie di vite della cv. Sagrantino infette da GLRaV-1, sulle quali sono stati posti gli insetti per un periodo di acquisizione pari a 5 giorni mentre, le prove di trasmissione sono state condotte utilizzando espianti sani di vite, su cui gli insetti rimanevano per un periodo di trasmissione di 3 giorni. Inoltre, sono stati oggetto di indagine alcuni aspetti della modalità di trasmissione in particolare, la transtadialità (cioè la capacità dell’insetto di mantenere l’infezione attraverso la muta nel passaggio da neanide di terza età ad adulto) e il periodo di ritenzione (periodo durante il quale l’insetto rimane virulifero). Il metodo diagnostico utilizzato è stato lo Spot-Onestep RT-PCR. Questa tecnica si è rivelata valida per indagini condotte sul materiale vegetale e sugli insetti, vista la sua elevata sensibilità. Dai risultati ottenuti è emerso che: -tutti gli stadi di Pl.citri hanno acquisito GLRaV-1 da foglie infette; -tutti gli stadi di Pl.citri hanno trasmesso GLRaV-1 a plantule sane; -le neanidi di terza età perdono l'infezione con la muta; -GLRaV-1 viene perso dopo un periodo di digiuno pari a 3 ore. Da quanto indicato emerge che Planococcus citri è un nuovo vettore di GLRaV-1 e che la sua trasmissione sembra di tipo non persistente

Assessment of Corneal Fluorescein Staining in Different Dry Eye Subtypes Using Digital Image Analysis

To describe a new objective technique of digital image analysis for the quantification and the morphological characterization of corneal staining in the setting of dry eye disease (DED), and to apply it to distinguish Sj\uf6gren syndrome (SS) from ocular graft versus-host disease (oGVHD)

Amplificación e identificación molecular del polimorfismo genético de los genes de color Kitlg y Tyrp1b en los peces de la amazonía peruana Symphysodon aequifasciatus aequifasciatus y Festivus (Mesonauta festivus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal la extracción de ADN nuclear no invasivo de tejido branquial en los peces amazónicos Disco (Symphysodon aequifasciatus aequifasciatus) y Festivus (Mesonauta Reaccfestivus), evitando producir daño al pez o su muerte. Se logró la amplificación molecular por Reacción en cadena de la polimersa (PCR) y el análisis del polimorfismo genético de los genes de color Kitlg y Tyrp1b mediante el uso de enzimas de restricción. La amplificación de la secuencia del gen Kitlg permitió obtener una banda de 1400 pb aproximadamente. No fue posible amplificar la secuencia del gen Tyrp1 para ninguna de las dos especies. Se identificó un sitio de corte en la secuencia del gen Kitlg en la enzima de restricción Mse I en peces Disco de 200 a 300 pb, y una banda de aproximadamente 500 a 1000 pb con la enzima de restricción Xho I. No se logró identificar ningún sitio de corte en la secuencia del gen Kitlg con ninguna de las enzimas de restricción analizadas en peces Festivus.Palabras clave: Symphysodon, Mesonauta, Polimorfismo, Kitlg, Tyrp1b, peces amazónicos

Campagna Oceanografica Sismica Magnetica Elettrica Ischia (COSMEI)

La Campagna Oceanografica Sismica Magnetica Elettrica Ischia (denominata "COSMEI") è nata a seguito dell'evento sismico verificatosi alle 20:57 del 21 agosto 2017 Mw 3.9 con epicentro nell'area di Casamicciola, con lo scopo di fornire ulteriori contributi nell'individuazione di strutture vulcano-tettoniche attive nel settore nord marino dell'isola d'Ischia. Il CNR-DTA nell'ambito di tali attività ed in concomitanza delle attività del Centro per la Microzonazione Sismica e delle sue applicazioni (centro MS), ha disposto un piano di indagini a mare necessarie per la ricostruzione di strutture tettoniche e vulcaniche potenzialmente origine di eventi sismici. La campagna oceanografica COSMEI dell'IAMC-CNR di Napoli, ha predisposto rilievi geofisici di tipo sismico multicanale, magnetico differenziale, di resistività elettrica, Chirp e Multibeam nel settore marino nord-orientale dell'isola d'Ischia. Le attività di acquisizione sono state condotte utilizzando la N/O Minerva Uno del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). L'obiettivo finale di tale studio è quello di fornire nuovi elementi geofisici finalizzati a migliorare la conoscenza dell'evoluzione geologica di questo settore dell'isola. In tale contesto, l'interpretazione geologico-strutturale dei profili sismici multicanale combinata col dato magnetometrico e di resistività elettrica ha lo scopo di migliorare la conoscenza dell’area nord-orientale dell'isola che risulta controllata da complessi vulcano-tettonici

Generation of pralatrexate resistant T-cell lymphoma lines reveals two patterns of acquired drug resistance that is overcome with epigenetic modifiers

While pralatrexate (PDX) has been successfully developed for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma, the mechanistic basis for its T-cell selectivity and acquired resistance remains elusive. In an effort to potentially identify synergistic combinations that might circumnavigate or delay acquired PDX resistance, we generated resistant cells lines over a broad concentration range. PDX-resistant cell lines H9-12 and H9-200 were developed, each exhibiting an IC50 of 35 and over 1000 nM, respectively. These lines were established in vitro from parental H9 cells. Expression analysis of the proteins known to be important determinants of antifolate pharmacology revealed increase expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) due to gene amplification, and reduced folate carrier1 downregulation, as the putative mechanisms of resistance in H9-12 and H9-200 cells. Cross resistance was only seen with methotrexate but not with romidepsin, azacitidine (AZA), decitabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, or bortezomib. Resistance to PDX was reversed by pretreatment with hypomethylating agents in a concentration-dependent fashion. Comparison of gene expression profiles of parental and resistant cell lines confirmed markedly different patterns of gene expression, and identified the dual specificity phosphatase four (DUSP4) as one of the molecular target of PDX activity. Reduced STAT5 phosphorylation following exposure to PDX was observed in the H9 but not in the H9-12 and H9-200 cells. These data suggest that combination with hypomethylating agents could be potent, and that DUSP4 and STAT5 could represent putative biomarkers of PDX activity

La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales

se analiza el momento fundacionalpublishedVersionFil: Scotto, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Filosofía; Argentina.Fil: Gordillo, Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Valdemarca, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Valdemarca, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Chaves, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Dain, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Cecchetto, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Favaccio, Carolina A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Grisendi, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Antropología; Argentina.Fil: Requena, Pablo Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Philp, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Malecki, Juan Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Coria, Adela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.Fil: Puttini, María Paula. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Blanco, Jessica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Iparraguirre, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Zabala, Mariela Eleonora. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Carli, María Cristina de. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Abratte, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.Fil: Barrera, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Laurenti, Alessandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Bruno, María Sol. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Otras Historia y Arqueologí

Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p < .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p < .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field