O Prêmio Nobel da Paz e a Conjuntura Internacional

O artigo trata do Prêmio Nobel da Paz. Nesse sentido, aborda a transformação do conceito de paz, superior à ausência de guerra.O artigo trata do Prêmio Nobel da Paz. Nesse sentido, aborda a transformação do conceito de paz, superior à ausência de guerra

Effect of Dewaxed Coffee on Gastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with {GERD}: A Randomized Pilot Study

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is multifactorial pathogenesis characterized by the abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Symptoms are worse after the ingestion of certain foods, such as coffee. Hence, a randomized pilot study conducted on 40 Italian subjects was assessed to verify the effect of standard (SC) and dewaxed coffee (DC) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The assessment of patient diaries highlighted a significant percentage reduction of symptoms frequency when consuming DC and a significant increase in both heartburn-free and regurgitation-free days. Consequentially, patients had a significant increase of antacid-free days during the DC assumption. Moreover, the polyphenolic profile of coffee pods was ascertained through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were the most abundant investigated compounds with a concentration level ranging between 7.316 (DC) and 6.721 mg/g (SC). Apart from CGAs, caffeine was quantified at a concentration level of 5.691 mg/g and 11.091 for DC and SC, respectively. While still preliminary, data obtained from the present pilot study provide promising evidence for the efficacy of DC consumption in patients with GERD. Therefore, this treatment might represent a feasible way to make coffee more digestible and better tolerated

FROM PIGMENTS TO PAINTS: STUDYING ORIGINAL MATERIALS FROM THE ATELIER OF THE ARTIST MARIANO FORTUNY Y MADRAZO

We present the first study related to the painting materials used by Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (Granada 1871 - Venice 1949). This eclectic artist, whose activities ranged from photography to painting, produced his own tempera colours Tempere Fortuny. His atelier in Palazzo Pesaro degli Orfei in Venice still conserves several kinds of painting materials employed in different stages of paint manufacture: from raw colourant materials (e.g. pigments and dyes) to a ready-to-use paint tube containing a complex mixture of pigment, binder ad additives. Micro samples collected from 29 “raw” materials and 2 handcrafted coloured paint mixtures were characterised by XRF, FT-IR and PyGCMS analysis. Through this multi-analytical approach, both inorganic and organic fractions were detected. According to the obtained results, Mariano Fortuny used both traditional and innovative materials- commercial products which were available at his time and sold for artistic practice and paint manufacture. This study allowed to understand the procedures followed by Fortuny in the production of his own colours, in particular highlighting the technical expedients the artist used in binding medium processing. These pieces of information prove Fortuny’s deep proficiency in paint manufacture and explain why his own Tempere were appreciated by his contemporaries.We present the first study related to the painting materials used by Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (Granada 1871 - Venice 1949). This eclectic artist, whose activities ranged from photography to painting, produced his own tempera colours Tempere Fortuny. His atelier in Palazzo Pesaro degli Orfei in Venice still conserves several kinds of painting materials employed in different stages of paint manufacture: from raw colourant materials (e.g. pigments and dyes) to a ready-to-use paint tube containing a complex mixture of pigment, binder ad additives. Micro samples collected from 29 “raw” materials and 2 handcrafted coloured paint mixtures were characterised by XRF, FT-IR and PyGCMS analysis. Through this multi-analytical approach, both inorganic and organic fractions were detected. According to the obtained results, Mariano Fortuny used both traditional and innovative materials- commercial products which were available at his time and sold for artistic practice and paint manufacture. This study allowed to understand the procedures followed by Fortuny in the production of his own colours, in particular highlighting the technical expedients the artist used in binding medium processing. These pieces of information prove Fortuny’s deep proficiency in paint manufacture and explain why his own Tempere were appreciated by his contemporaries

A Tricky Fever of Unknown Origin after Tracheal Crash

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The dual targeting of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor enhances the mTOR inhibitor-mediated antitumor efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Deregulation of mTOR and IGF pathways is frequent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thus mTOR and IGF1R represent suitable therapeutic targets in HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) and OSI-906, blocker of IGF1R/IR, on HCC cell proliferation, viability, migration and invasion, and alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP) secretion. In HepG2 and HuH-7 we evaluated, the expression of mTOR and IGF pathway components; the effects of Sirolimus, Everolimus, Temsirolimus and OSI-906 on cell proliferation; the effects of Sirolimus, OSI-906, and their combination, on cell secretion, proliferation, viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Moreover, intracellular mechanisms underlying these cell functions were evaluated in both cell lines. Our results show that HepG2 and HuH-7 present with the same mRNA expression profile with high levels of IGF2. OSI-906 inhibited cell proliferation at high concentration, while mTORi suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-time dependent manner in both cell lines. The co-treatment showed an additive inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and viability. This effect was not related to induction of apoptosis, but to G0/G1 phase block. Moreover, the co-treatment prevented the Sirolimus-induced AKT activation as escape mechanism. Both agents demonstrated to be differently effective in inhibiting α-FP secretion. Sirolimus, OSI-906, and their combination, blocked cell migration and invasion in HuH-7. These findings indicate that, co-targeting of IGF1R/IR and mTOR pathways could be a novel therapeutic approach in the management of HCC, in order to maximize antitumoral effect and to prevent the early development of resistance mechanisms

Reduced probability of improving viro-immunological state in subjects with vertical transmission of HIV reaching adult age: A multicenter retrospective cohort study

Introduction: Young adults with vertical transmission (VT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent a fragile population. This study evaluates factors associated with viro-immunological outcome of these patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter study including HIV-infected subjects with VT ≥ 18 years old from six Italian clinics. Subjects were observed from birth to death, lost to follow-up, or last visit until December 31, 2019. Condition of "optimal viro-immunological status" (OS) was defined as the simultaneous presence of HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) < 50 copies/mL, CD4+ > 500 cells/mm3 , and CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≥ 1. Results: A total of 126 subjects were enrolled. At 18 years of age, 52/126 (44.4%) had HIV-RNA > 50 copies/mL, 47/126 (38.2%) had CD4+ < 500/mm3 , and 78/126 (67.2%) had CD4+/CD8+ < 1; 28 subjects (23.7%) presented in the condition of OS. Having a CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≥ 1 at 18 years of age was related with an increased probability of shift from suboptimal viro-immunological status (SOS) to OS (HR: 7.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.23-14.04), and a reduced risk of shift from the OS to the SOS (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.92). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis significantly reduced the probability of shift from a viro-immunological SOS to OS (HR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03-0.30). Subjects who had not achieved an OS at 18 years of age had an increased risk of discontinuation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART, p = .019). Conclusions: Only a small proportion of subjects with VT of HIV reached the adult age with "OS". Transition to the adult care with a compromised viro-immunological condition represents a negative driver for future optimal infection control, with a higher risk of discontinuation of cART and a reduced probability to improve the immunological status later in the years