Arabidopsis thaliana DOF6 negatively affects germination in non-after ripened seeds and interacts with TCP14

Seed dormancy prevents seeds from germinating under environmental conditions unfavourable for plant growth and development and constitutes an evolutionary advantage. Dry storage, also known as after-ripening, gradually decreases seed dormancy by mechanisms not well understood. An Arabidopsis thaliana DOF transcription factor gene (DOF6) affecting seed germination has been characterized. The transcript levels of this gene accumulate in dry seeds and decay gradually during after-ripening and also upon seed imbibition. While constitutive over-expression of DOF6 produced aberrant growth and sterility in the plant, its over-expression induced upon seed imbibition triggered delayed germination, abscisic acid (ABA)-hypersensitive phenotypes and increased expression of the ABA biosynthetic gene ABA1 and ABA-related stress genes. Wild-type germination and gene expression were gradually restored during seed after-ripening, despite of DOF6-induced over-expression. DOF6 was found to interact in a yeast two-hybrid system andin planta with TCP14, a previously described positive regulator of seed germination. The expression of ABA1 and ABA-related stress genes was also enhanced in tcp14 knock-out mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that DOF6 negatively affects seed germination and opposes TCP14 function in the regulation of a specific set of ABA-related gene

Body Expression and dances as a teaching-learning resource: benefits for the most shy and introverted students

RESUMEN: Las diferentes formas de enseñar de los docentes y las diferentes formas de aprender del alumnado conforman un entramado de procesos acuñados bajo el término de estilos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desde la educación se quiere conseguir que los discentes se desarrollen de una manera integral, de manera que la Educación Física es una de las áreas que más se centra en este aspecto, puesto que trata de conseguir ese pleno desarrollo en base a cuatro canales: físico, cognitivo, emocional y social. Para poder generar un aprendizaje significativo, es de vital importancia otorgar a nuestro alumnado un papel activo en su propio proceso constructivo de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, como docentes, lo importante es conocer la gran diversidad de estilos y métodos de enseñanza que hay, desde los más tradicionales, hasta los más globales, y utilizar unos u otros, en función de las actividades a realizar. El objeto de investigación es observar cómo la Expresión Corporal y las Danzas, uno de los contenidos menos desarrollados en los centros educativos por su complejidad, conceden en realidad un gran protagonismo al alumnado. Estas actividades presentan un sinfín de beneficios para el alumnado en todos los niveles, pero, sobre todo, como hemos podido comprobar en la investigación, a nivel emocional y social, ayudando a los discentes más tímidos e introvertidos a desinhibirse y a aumentar su autoestima.ABSTRACT: The differents ways of teaching by teachers and the divers modes of learning by learners make up a scheme of processes coined under the term of teaching-learning styles. From education, the aim is to ensure that students develop in a comprehensive development, so that Physical Education is one of the areas that focuses most on this aspect, since it tries to achieve that integral development based on four channels: physical, cognitive, emotional and social. In order to generate significant learning, it is vital importance to give our students an active role in their own constructive learning process. In spite of that, as educators, the crucial thing is to know the great variety of styles and teaching methods, from the most conservative to the most complete and to use one or the other, depending on the activities to be carried out. The scope of the research is to observe how the Corporal Expression and the Dances, one of the least developed contents in the schools because of its complexity, grant actually a great prominence to the student body. These activities have endless amount of benefits for students at all levels, but above all, as we have seen in the research, on an emotional and social level, helping the most shy and introverted learners to remove inhibitions and to increase their self-esteem.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Primari

Constraint Satisfaction in Current Control of a Five-Phase Drive with Locally Tuned Predictive Controllers

The problem of control of stator currents in multi-phase induction machines has recently been tackled by direct digital model predictive control. Although these predictive controllers can directly incorporate constraints, most reported applications for stator current control of drives do no use this possibility, being the usual practice tuning the controller to achieve the particular compromise solution. The proposal of this paper is to change the form of the tuning problem of predictive controllers so that constraints are explicitly taken into account. This is done by considering multiple controllers that are locally optimal. To illustrate the method, a five-phase drive is considered and the problem of minimizing x- y losses while simultaneously maintaining the switching frequency and current tracking error below some limits is tackled. The experiments showed that the constraint feasibility problem has, in general, no solution for standard predictive control, whereas the proposed scheme provides good tracking performance without violating constraints in switching frequency and at the same time reducing parasitic currents of x- y subspaces.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España RTI2018-101897-B-I0

Influencia de la aplicación de compost producido a partir de residuos de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) en un Vertisol de Valle del Cauca

La finalidad de este trabajo fue conocer los cambios producidos en las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo clasificado como Vertisol, ubicado en el sur de Jamundí en el departamento de Valle del Cauca y del crecimiento de cultivo de caña de azúcar, al incorporar compost obtenido de los residuos de la agroindustria azucarera (cachaza, ceniza, hojas y vinaza). Estos subproductos de la actividad productiva se han venido manejando de una manera ambientalmente amigable por medio de procesos de bioestabilización o compostaje en la planta del Ingenio del Cauca. De acuerdo a estudios realizados por el Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) y el Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar (CENICAÑA), los Vertisoles ubicados en esta región se consideran de fertilidad moderada, sin embargo, son suelos superficiales, pobres a imperfectamente drenados que afectan las propiedades físicas y a su vez las propiedades químicas y biológicas, por lo tanto, es importante realizar aplicaciones de materia orgánica. En la actualidad se realiza la práctica de aplicación de compost en las suertes del ingenio, se ha establecido una dosis de 20 t ha-1 y tiempo de madurez de 70 días, no obstante es necesario conocer cuáles son las condiciones óptimas para ser utilizadas en las labores agronómicas del cultivo de caña de azúcar en este tipo de suelo. Para esto, se diseñó un ensayo en donde se evaluaron diferentes tratamientos utilizando tres compost con diferentes estados de maduración (70, 95 y 120 días) y dos dosis por encima (30 y 40 t ha-1) del valor que se utiliza actualmente y 1 por debajo de este valor (10 t ha-1), realizando 4 repeticiones, durante un ciclo de crecimiento del cultivo. Se evaluaron las variables físicas de textura, estabilidad de agregados, densidad aparente y real, capacidad de campo y punto de marchitez en el suelo, en cuanto a las variables químicas se determinó el pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, B, Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn para el suelo y elementos mayores y menores en tejido foliar. Para medir el crecimiento del cultivo se consideró población, altura y diámetro, para conocer la productividad se evaluó tonelada de caña de azúcar por hectárea (TCH) y tonelada de sacarosa por hectárea (TSH). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la aplicación de compost, mejoró la resistencia del suelo a la acción de agua por el mayor aporte de materia orgánica, el grado de madurez del abono cambio el pH, aumentó el contenido de materia orgánica, Mn y Fe, la dosis más alta contribuyó a una mejor disponibilidad de K y P, por otra parte, la dosis más baja contribuyó a la disponibilidad de Mg y Na en el suelo. Los nutrientes que fueron extraídos por el cultivo y expresados en el tejido foliar fueron K, P, Na y Zn. Aunque se presentaron cambios significativos en las variables agronómicas de población, altura y diámetro, estos resultados no se reflejaron en TCH y TSH.//Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the physical and chemical properties of a soil Vertisol classified, located in southern Jamundí, department of Valle del Cauca and growth of cane cultivation, incorporating compost obtained from sugar industry waste (Cachaza, ash, leaves and stillage). These byproducts of productive activity have been driving in an environmentally friendly way by means of processes biostabilization or composting in the Incauca plant. According to studies conducted by the Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) and the Research Center for Sugarcane (CENICAÑA), Vertisol soils located in this region are considered moderate fertility, however, are shallow soils, poor, and imperfectly drained affecting the physical, chemical, and biological properties, hence is important perform the organic matter applications. Today the compost application practice in Incauca fields, it has established a dose of 20 t ha-1 and maturity time of 70 days, however it is necessary to know what the optimal conditions for use in agronomic work cane cultivation in this soil type. For this, a test where different treatments using three compost with different ripening stages (70, 95, and 120 days) and two doses above (30 and 40 t ha-1) of the value that is currently used and 1 below this value (10 t ha-1), making 4 repetitions during one growth cycle of sugarcane. Texture, aggregate stability, bulk and real density, field capacity and permanent wilting point in the soil were evaluated as to the chemical variables pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter in the soil were evaluated, and N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, B, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn for soil and major and minor elements in foliar tissue. To measure crop growth the population, height and diameter was considered, to measure productivity the tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH) were evaluated. The results showed that compost application, improved soil resistance to the water action for the greatest contribution of organic matter, the degree of maturity of compost change the pH, increase the organic matter content, Mn and Fe, higher dose contributed to improved availability of K and P, and the lower dose contributed to improved availability of Mg and Na in the soil. The nutrients that were extracted by cultivation and expressed in leaf tissue were K, P, Na and Zn. Although significant changes occurred in the population, height and diameter of the crop, these results were not reflected in TCH and TSH.Maestrí

Lipid remodelling: unravelling the response to cold stress in Arabidopsis and its extremophile relative Eutrema salsugineum

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Crown Copyright © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.Environmental constraints limit the geographic distribution of many economically important crops. Cold stress is an important abiotic stress that affects plant growth and development, resulting in loss of vigour and surface lesions. These symptoms are caused by, among other metabolic processes, the altered physical and chemical composition of cell membranes. As a major component of cell membranes lipids have been recognized as having a significant role in cold stress, both as a mechanical defence through leaf surface protection and plasma membrane remodelling, and as signal transduction molecules. We present an overview integrating gene expression and lipidomic data published so far in Arabidopsis and its relative the extremophile Eutrema salsugineum. This data enables a better understanding of the contribution of the lipidome in determining the ability to tolerate suboptimal temperature conditions. Collectively this information will allow us to identify the key lipids and pathways responsible for resilience, enabling the development of new approaches for crop tolerance to stress.Peer reviewe

Online Adaptive Set of Virtual Voltage Vectors for Stator Current Regulation of a Six-Phase Induction Machine Using Finite State Model Predictive Controllers

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Applications II) // "This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons ttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Virtual voltage vectors (VVV) have been used for the control of multi-phase induction machines, where different sub-spaces appear related to the torque production and losses generation. In the literature, several sets of VVV have been used, aiming at reducing harmonic content while maintaining a low computational burden. This paper proposes the use of different sets of VVV to regulate the stator current of multi-phase drives using finite-state model predictive controllers. In the proposal, only one set is active at each control period. This active set is obtained through a preliminary analysis using performance maps. As a result, a method is derived for the online selection using the current operating point. The selection is based on a simple computation from variables usually measured on variable-speed drives. Results are provided for a symmetrical six-phase IM, showing that the proposal improves the closed-loop performance of the multi-phase drive with a low computational cost

Caracterización molecular del factor de transcripción Dof6 de Arabidopsis thaliana

Los factores de transcripción (TFs) de tipo DOF (DNA binding with One Finger) son una familia de proteínas con papeles reguladores en procesos fisiológicos específicos de plantas, entre ellos el desarrollo y germinación de semillas. En semillas de cebada (Hordeum vulgare), nuestro grupo ha descrito cuatro DOFs: BPBF, SAD, HvDof19 y HvDof17, que ejercen un papel regulador en la expresión de genes que codifican hidrolasas en aleurona en germinación y en la de genes que codifican proteínas de reserva en endospermo en desarrollo (1-5). En los promotores de genes inducidos durante la germinación en Arabidopsis thaliana (p.e. Lipasas), se ha observado la presencia de motivos en cis reconocidos por TFs de tipo DOF (5’ T/A-AAAG 3’). Además, el análisis de expresión por RT-qPCR de distintos TFs de tipo DOF, nos ha permitido identificar el gen AtDof6 como un posible regulador negativo de la expresión génica durante la germinación de la semilla de Arabidopsis

On-line estimation of rotor variables in predictive current controllers: a case study using five-phase induction machines

Predictive current control has been recently proposed like an alternative to conventional PI-PWM current control techniques. Implemented solutions are based on inaccurate estimation of the rotor electrical variables to reduce the computational cost of the method. In this work, the utility and computational cost of predictive current control with different methods for the on-line estimation of the rotor variables are studied. Experimental results are provided to characterize the obtained benefits and drawbacks, using a five-phase induction machine as a case example

bZIP transcription factors in the regulatory networks controlling seed maturation and germination of Arabidopsis thaliana

Se describe la expresión por RTqPCR de los genes que codifican los factores transcripcionales bZIP44 y bZIP9. Asimismo se establece la interacción entre ambas proteínas en el sistema de 2 híbridos de levadura y in planta por complementación bimolecular fluorescente

Performance Analysis of Direct Torque Controllers in Five-Phase Electrical Drives

The industrial application of electric machines has grown in the last decades, thanks to the development of microprocessors and power converters, which have permitted their use as variable-speed drives. Although three-phase machines are the common trend, the interest of the research community has recently focused on machines with more than three phases, known as multiphase machines. The principal reason lies in the exploitation of their advantages in terms of reliability, i.e., post-fault operating capability. Additionally, multiphase machines provide a better current distribution among phases, and lower current harmonic production in the power converter, than conventional three-phase machines. However, multiphase drive applications require the development of complex controllers to regulate the torque (or speed) and flux of the machine. In this regard, direct torque controllers have appeared as a viable alternative due to their easy formulation and high flexibility to incorporate control objectives. However, these controllers face some peculiarities and limitations in their use that require attention. This work aims to tackle direct torque control as a viable alternative for the regulation of multiphase drives. Special attention will be paid to the development of the control technique and the expected benefits and limitations in the obtained results. Case examples based on symmetrical five-phase induction machines with distributed windings in the motoring mode of operation will be used to this end