Estudio del proceso de lavado de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) por hidro-agitación

The high nutritional content of the Andean legume Lupinus mutabilis Sweet has promoted the study of many alkaloids extraction processes, which limit lupine consumption. The present study was focused on the washing process using cold water...El alto contenido nutricional de la leguminosa andina Lupinus mutabilis Sweet ha incentivado el estudio de procesos de extracción de alcaloides los que restringen su ingesta. El presente estudio se concentró en el proceso de lavado usando agua fría. El estudio se dividió en dos etapas..

Plant Neighbour Identity Matters to Belowground Interactions under Controlled Conditions

Background: Root competition is an almost ubiquitous feature of plant communities with profound effects on their structure and composition. Far beyond the traditional view that plants interact mainly through resource depletion (exploitation competition), roots are known to be able to interact with their environment using a large variety of mechanisms that may inhibit or enhance access of other roots to the resource or affect plant growth (contest interactions). However, an extensive analysis on how these contest root interactions may affect species interaction abilities is almost lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a common garden experiment with ten perennial plant species we forced pairs of plants of the same or different species to overlap their roots and analyzed how belowground contest interactions affected plant performance, biomass allocation patterns, and competitive abilities under abundant resource supply. Our results showed that net interaction outcome ranged from negative to positive, affecting total plant mass and allocation patterns. A species could be a strong competitor against one species, weaker against another one, and even facilitator to a third species. This leads to sets of species where competitive hierarchies may be clear but also to groups where such rankings are not, suggesting that intransitive root interactions may be crucial for species coexistence. Conclusions/Significance: The outcome of belowground contest interactions is strongly dependent on neighbours

Estudio de factibilidad de adrenalinefood como un lugar de diversión y A&B, Ibarra-Ecuador

AdrenalineFood is a feasibility study for a restaurant and a zone for young people that can enjoy a different environment. It is located in the city of Ibarra, in a strategic area. The project was developed for a target market that is looking for a different distraction than the one that is used to. The place will have a food and beverage area, an arc and arrow area, a climbing wall, a drawing and painting area...AdrenalineFood es un estudio de factibilidad para un restaurante y una zona de diversión en donde jóvenes pueden disfrutar de un ambiente diferente. Está ubicado en la ciudad de Ibarra, en una zona estratégica. El proyecto se desarrolló para un mercado objetivo que busca una distracción diferente a la que se está acostumbrada. El local cuenta con área de alimentos y bebidas, zona de arco y flecha, pared de escalada, zona de dibujo y pintura..

Genetic Structure of the Azores Islands: a Study using 15 Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat Loci

The Azores archipelago (Portugal), located in the Atlantic Ocean, 1,500 km from the European mainland, is formed by nine islands of volcanic origin. The relative position of these islands allows the definition of three geographical groups: Eastern, Central and Western. Previous studies of the Azores using Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) have highlighted differences in the frequencies of several loci, when compared to Mainland Portugal or Madeira Island. Furthermore, linkage disequilibrium (LD), described for Azorean samples has been tentatively explained as reflecting the presence of genetic sub-structuring in the archipelago. To provide information concerning the genetic profile of the Azores Islands and to evaluate the presence of substructuring we have determined the allelic frequencies of 15 autosomal STR loci, using the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler™ Kit, in representative samples from the Azorean Islands. Either considering the Azores as a whole, or analysing by island all the loci were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Average gene diversity ranged from 0.7669 in Corvo to 0.7972 in Terceira Island. Allelic independence between loci, tested for the global sample, detected significant LD (after correction for multiple tests) for pairs D21S11/D7S820 and D3S1358/D5S818. The exact test of population differentiation, combining the information of the 15 markers analysed, revealed significant differences between the three groups of islands, and between islands. Inter-island analysis reinforces the previous data that suggested the existence of sub-structuring in the Azores archipelago. Moreover, the data generated by this study can be used in a future forensic genetic database of the Azores after the appropriate enlacement of sample size by island, preventing, in that way, misinterpretations caused by population substructuring and small sample sizes

The shift from plant-plant facilitation to competition under severe water deficit is spatially explicit

The stress-gradient hypothesis predicts a higher frequency of facilitative interactions as resource limitation increases. Under severe resource limitation, it has been suggested that facilitation may revert to competition, and identifying the presence as well as determining the magnitude of this shift is important for predicting the effect of climate change on biodiversity and plant community dynamics. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis to compare temporal differences of species diversity and productivity under a nurse plant (Retama sphaerocarpa) with varying annual rainfall quantity to test the effect of water limitation on facilitation. Furthermore, we assess spatial differences in the herbaceous community under nurse plants in situ during a year with below-average rainfall. We found evidence that severe rainfall deficit reduced species diversity and plant productivity under nurse plants relative to open areas. Our results indicate that the switch from facilitation to competition in response to rainfall quantity is nonlinear. The magnitude of this switch depended on the aspect around the nurse plant. Hotter south aspects under nurse plants resulted in negative effects on beneficiary species, while the north aspect still showed facilitation. Combined, these results emphasize the importance of spatial heterogeneity under nurse plants for mediating species loss under reduced precipitation, as predicted by future climate change scenarios. However, the decreased water availability expected under climate change will likely reduce overall facilitation and limit the role of nurse plants as refugia, amplifying biodiversity loss

Estrés en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19, y su relación con las complicaciones maternas. Centro de Salud El Bosque. 2021

Con la finalidad de determinar la relación entre el estrés en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19 con las complicaciones maternas en las gestantes atendidas en el Centro de Salud El Bosque durante el año 2021, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de relación, en una muestra de 160 gestantes, atendidas en los meses de enero a junio 2021, encontrándose que existe relación estadística significativa (p<0.05) entre el estrés prenatal y las complicaciones maternas, asimismo, la mayoría de gestantes demostraron un bajo (47%) y medio (46%) estrés percibido por pandemia COVID-19, presentaron alguna complicación materna (83.1%), siendo la infección urinaria la más frecuente (57.5%), seguido de la ganancia excesiva en peso (30%). Además, se determinó que existe relación estadística significativa entre el estrés percibido por pandemia COVID 19 con la anemia y las enfermedades hipertensivas, así como también existe relación significativa entre el estrés prenatal y algunos tipos de complicaciones maternas, como fueron el insomnio, anemia y enfermedades hipertensivas.In order to determine the relationship between stress in times of the COVID-19 pandemic and maternal complications in pregnant women treated at the El Bosque Health Center during the year 2021, a descriptive, retrospective, relationship study was carried out in a sample of 160 pregnant women, attended in the months of January to June 2021, finding that there is a significant statistical relationship (p <0.05) between prenatal stress and maternal complications, likewise, the majority of pregnant women demonstrated a low (47%) and medium (46%) perceived stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, presented some maternal complication (83.1%), being urinary infection the most frequent (57.5%), followed by excessive weight gain (30%). In addition, it was determined that there is a significant statistical relationship between the stress perceived by the COVID 19 pandemic with anemia and hypertensive diseases, as well as a significant relationship between prenatal stress and some types of maternal complications, such as insomnia, anemia and hypertensive diseasesTesi

The role of phenotypic plasticity in shaping ecological networks

Plasticity-mediated changes in interaction dynamics and structure may scale up and affect the ecological network in which the plastic species are embedded. Despite their potential relevance for understanding the effects of plasticity on ecological communities, these effects have seldom been analysed. We argue here that, by boosting the magnitude of intra-individual phenotypic variation, plasticity may have three possible direct effects on the interactions that the plastic species maintains with other species in the community: may expand the interaction niche, may cause a shift from one interaction niche to another or may even cause the colonization of a new niche. The combined action of these three factors can scale to the community level and eventually expresses itself as a modification in the topology and functionality of the entire ecological network. We propose that this causal pathway can be more widespread than previously thought and may explain how interaction niches evolve quickly in response to rapid changes in environmental conditions. The implication of this idea is not solely eco-evolutionary but may also help to understand how ecological interactions rewire and evolve in response to global changeJunta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P18-FR- 3641Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesGrant/Award Number: PID2020-116222GB- 100PID2021-126456N

Efectividad de la vacuna de hepatitis B en pacientes seropositivos para VIH y su relación con el conteo de CD4 en la unidad de atención integral del PVV del Hospital General Dr. Enrique Garcés durante el período 2011-2012.

Actualmente a nivel mundial existen 33 millones de personas portadoras del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de las cuales un 10% se encuentran coinfectadas con el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). El 90% de personas con VIH tienen evidencia de infección previa por VHB. La coinfección aumenta ocho veces más la mortalidad comparada con la monoinfección por VIH. Por lo tanto, evitar la infección por hepatitis B en estos pacientes es algo fundamental. Se han implementado varias estrategias de prevención contra la hepatitis B, siendo una de las más importantes y eficaces la vacuna contra la hepatitis B. Desafortunadamente la respuesta de los pacientes VIH a la vacuna es de 17-86%, comparado con los inmunocompetentes que responden en un 90%. (1, 2,3)