Turing test, easy to pass; human mind, hard to understand

Under general assumptions, the Turing test can be easily passed by an appropriate algorithm. I show that for any test satisfying several general conditions, we can construct an algorithm that can pass that test, hence, any operational definition is easy to fulfill. I suggest a test complementary to Turing's test, which will measure our understanding of the human mind. The Turing test is required to fix the operational specifications of the algorithm under test; under this constrain, the additional test simply consists in measuring the length of the algorithm

MEASURING ADMINISTRATIVE AUTONOMY: HUNGARY EXPERIENCE

The aim of this work is to find a number of analytical aspects of the concept of administration in terms of political theory and administrative science.Autonomy, descentralization, institutional autonomy

Considerations regarding the role and the importance of the financial stability in the context of th european banking integration

The work is part of a complex research theme approached by the author which follows the knowledge development with favourable implications on the increase of the role and of the importance of the financial stability, having as objective to identify the best methods and institutional structures for the financial stability assurance in an European banking system which slowly surpasses the barriers imposed by the national and economical frontiers. The importance of the financial stability assurance is crucial not only for the general economical evolution, but also for the efficiency of the monetary politics of the central bank. As far as the banks (especially in Romania) represent the key element for the financial system, the state of the economy and the structure of the banking system are closely connected to the financial stability assurance and the macroeconomical evolutions.financial stability, banking globalization, efficiency, macroeconomic evolution

The financial systems – an approach from the perspective of the financial crisis

The paper presents a synthesis of a theoretical study realized within the research contract having as theme “The model for the forecast of the real economy evolution and for the financial market system from Romania using elements from the open systems thermodynamics”, a project that proposes to create an ecometric model which allows to forecast Romania’s real economy as well as the financial system evolution from Romania. The first part brings forward the relation between the financial system and the financial crisis and develops the idea according to which an economy can exploit its potential of growth only in the conditions of a well functioning of the financial system which have to assure the necessary investments financing at minimum costs, but also the adequate application and transmission of the monetary policy with effects on the financial stability. The second part of the paper approaches the problematic of the financial crisis effects on the financial systems stability. The financial system instability can lead to losses in the real economy, to financial markets perturbation, to prices changes, to investments blocking and, in the end, to economical growth decline and even to economical growth stopping. In the third part the financial systems stability from the emerging economies in the light of the contagion and movement effects of the cross-border capital waves as a result of globalization is analyzed and, in the end, some conclusions are presented.financial system, financial crisis, financial stability, emerging economies, credit, financial globalization

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK CEO TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2020

This study aimed to examine the effect of CEO characteristics on earnings management. The research sample consisted of 510 listed on the IDX-IC sectoral index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the year of observation (2016-2020). Sample selection was done by purposive sampling technique. The research data were tested as a whole using the panel regression method. The results showed that CEO gender, CEO turnover, CEO expertise and CEO citizenship were not directly significant in influencing earnings management, and CEO age and CEO tenure had a significant positive effect on earnings management