6 research outputs found

    Retour d'expérience de premiÚres analyses coûts-bénéfices littorales

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    National audienceLes analyses coĂ»ts-bĂ©nĂ©fices (ACB) des mesures de protection envisagĂ©es sont des outils d'aide Ă  la dĂ©finition des stratĂ©gies de prĂ©vention des risques. Elles sont obligatoires notamment dans le cadre de labellisations des Programmes d'Actions de PrĂ©vention des Inondations (PAPI) ou de demandes de financements au titre du Plan Submersions Rapide (PSR) et nĂ©cessaires pour la mise en place de stratĂ©gies locales de gestion intĂ©grĂ©e du trait de cĂŽte.Les analyses coĂ»ts-bĂ©nĂ©fices littorales sont confrontĂ©es Ă  des difficultĂ©s mĂ©thodologiques spĂ©cifiques, concernant d’une part la dĂ©termination de l’alĂ©a et d’autre part l’évaluation des dommages potentiels, comme le montre l'analyse de 7 Ă©tudes ACB littorales.Concernant la dĂ©termination des alĂ©as, ces difficultĂ©s sont liĂ©es Ă  l'Ă©valuation de l'Ă©vĂ©nement maritime (niveaux marins, vagues), Ă  la prise en compte de l'impact du changement climatique, aux interactions fortes entre les phĂ©nomĂšnes d'Ă©rosion des cordons dunaires et de la submersion marine ou encore Ă  la dĂ©finition des hypothĂšses de dĂ©faillance des ouvrages.Au sujet de l’évaluation des dommages potentiels, se pose le problĂšme de l’applicabilitĂ© des courbes de dommages recommandĂ©es dans le cahier des charges PAPI. Le caractĂšre salin de l’eau de mer et l’impact mĂ©canique des vagues peuvent influencer le calcul des dommages. Les enjeux installĂ©s sur un territoire littoral prĂ©sentent aussi des particularitĂ©s qui impactent les coĂ»ts : le littoral se caractĂ©rise en effet par une activitĂ© tournĂ©e vers la mer et une Ă©conomie gĂ©nĂ©ralement basĂ©e sur le tourisme

    WEB 2.0 : 15 ans déjà et aprÚs ? : 7 pistes pour réenchanter Internet !

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    International audienceEn 15 ans, le Web 2.0 a radicalement transformĂ© notre façon de travailler, de consommer, de vendre, de communiquer
 Les technologies (mobile et tablette, 3G ou 4G, mĂ©dias sociaux, big data, IA, etc.) ont bouleversĂ© nos sphĂšres de vie et notre rapport aux individus, Ă  l’information, aux objets
 57 pionniers vous proposent d’explorer rĂ©trospectivement les consĂ©quences du digital sur notre sociĂ©tĂ© (Ă©conomie, politique, juridique, culturel
). Le but : imaginer 7 pistes de rĂ©enchantement pour un futur numĂ©rique plus sain et plus responsable face Ă  la domination des gĂ©ants d’Internet, GAFA et BATX.La voix de 57 pionniers : Farid Arab . Thierry de Baillon . Christine BalaguĂ© . Éric Barbry . Beer Bergman . Olivier BerlinguĂ© . Nicolas Bermond . Fanny Berrebi . Michelle Blanc . JĂ©rĂŽme Bondu . Fadhila Brahimi . FrĂ©dĂ©ric Canevet . Dominique Cardon . Nicolas Celic . Cyrille Chaudoit . Jean-Pierre Corniou . CĂ©line Crespin . AndrĂ© Dan . Yannis Delmas-Rigoutsos . Damien Douani . Antoine Dubuquoy . Jean-Philippe Encausse . Fabrice Epelboin . Olivier Ezratty . Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin . David Fayon . Mathieu Flaig . Cyrille Frank . Yann Gourvennec . David Guillocheau . Claudie HaignerĂ© (PrĂ©face) . Olivier Iteanu . Henri Kaufman (Postface) . François Laurent . Yann Leroux . Éric Maillard . VĂ©rone Mankou . Émilie Marquois . GrĂ©gory Maubon . Pierre Mawas . Pierre MĂ©tivier . Jean-Claude Morand . Ahmed Mehdi Omarouayache . Anthony Poncier . GrĂ©gory Pouy . PPC . BenoĂźt RaphaĂ«l . Cyril Rimbaud . Vincent Rostaing . Jean-François Ruiz . Éric Seulliet . Serge Soudoplatoff . Virginie Spies . YaĂ«lle Teicher Stein . Pierre Tran . Pierre Vallet . Henri Verdier

    Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

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    International audienceImportance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0433180

    Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

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    Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

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