A good practice guide on the sources and magnitude of uncertainty arising in the practical measurement of environmental noise

A brief introduction to measurement uncertainty, uncertainty budgets, and inter-comparison exercises (repeated measurements), is provided in Chapter 2. The procedure forformulating an uncertainty budget and evaluating magnitudes is outlined in greater detail in Chapter 3. A flow chart summarising this process, and a checklist for the identification of sources of measurement uncertainty are included at the end of the chapter. Two example measurement exercises with corresponding uncertainty budgets are presented in Chapter 4. Some of the more commonly encountered sources of measurement uncertainty are outlined in Chapter5. Where possible, information on magnitudes or pointers to where that information can be found are included. The more important sources of uncertainty are highlighted, and “good practice guidelines” provided to help the practitioner identify means of reducing their effect. Case studies illustrating some of the points made in Chapter 5,and listing of relevant guidelines and further reading are provided in the Appendices

Multiplier Sequences for Simple Sets of Polynomials

In this paper we give a new characterization of simple sets of polynomials B with the property that the set of B-multiplier sequences contains all Q-multiplier sequence for every simple set Q. We characterize sequences of real numbers which are multiplier sequences for every simple set Q, and obtain some results toward the partitioning of the set of classical multiplier sequences

The definition and specification of the near earth environmental criteria for spacecraft thermal design

The variation of the earth's thermal and albedo radiation received by a near-earth orbiting space vehicle or space payload as a result of temporal variation of the earth atmosphere is discussed. A statistical study of current satellite data for determining probability distributions is proposed. With these distributions the thermal designer can define confidence levels on predicted temperature ranges which are compatible with engineering models for use in design, failure probabilities, and spacecraft cost estimates. Use of the distributions in environmental criteria guidelines is also considered

Electromagnetic Scattering by Cylinders - An Introduction

Investigating electromagnetic scattering by cylinders using Rayleigh-Gans theor

Properties of large scale plasma flow during the early stage of the plasmaspheric refilling

The objective is to better characterize the macroscopic properties of the interhemisphere plasma flow by solving a more complete set of hydrodynamic equations than that solved previously. Specifically, the ion continuity, momentum and energy equations were solved for the plasma flow along the closed magnetic field lines. During the initial stage of the supersonic outflow in the equatorial region, the ions cool substantially. Using the hydrodynamic model for the large-scale plasma flow, the dynamics of shocks was examined which form in the geomagnetic flux tubes during the early stages of refilling. These shocks are more like those forming in neutral gases than the electrostatic shocks driven by microinstabilities involving ion-ion interaction. Therefore, the shocks seen in the hydrodynamic model are termed as hydrodynamic shocks. Such shocks are generally unsteady and therefore the usual shock jump conditions given by Rankine-Hugoniot relations are not strictly applicable to them. The density, flow velocity and temperature structures associated with the shocks are examined for both asymmetrical and symmetrical flows. In the asymmetrical flow the outflow from one of two conjugate ionospheres is dominant. On the other hand, in the symmetrical case outflows from the two ionospheric sources are identical. Both cases are treated by a two-stream model. In the late type of flow, the early-time refilling shows a relaxation type of oscillation, which is driven by the large-scale interactions between the two identical streams. After this early stage, the resulting temperature structure shows some interesting features. In the equatorial region the streams are isothermal, but in the off-equatorial regions the streams have quite different temperatures, and also densities and flow velocities. The dense and slow stream is found to be warmer than the low-density fast stream. In the late stage of refilling, the temperature is found to steadily increase from the conjugate ionospheres towards the equator; the equatorial temperature is found to be as high as about 8000 K compared to the ionospheric temperature of 3600 K

A New Class of Non-Linear Stability Preserving Operators

We extend Br\"and\'en's recent proof of a conjecture of Stanley and describe a new class of non-linear operators that preserve weak Hurwitz stability and the Laguerre-P\'olya class.Comment: Fixed typos, spelling, and updated links in reference

Nanocharacterisation of precipitates in austenite high manganese steels with advanced techniques: HRSTEM and DualEELS mapping

To achieve optimal mechanical properties in high manganese steels, the precipitation of nanoprecipitates of vanadium and niobium carbides is under investigation. It is shown that under controlled heat treatments between 850°C and 950°C following hot deformation, few-nanometre precipitates of either carbide can be produced in test steels with suitable contents of vanadium or niobium. The structure and chemistry of these precipitates are examined in detail with a spatial resolution down to better than 1 nm using a newly commissioned scanning transmission electron microscope. In particular, it is shown that the nucleation of vanadium carbide precipitates often occurs at pre-existing titanium carbide precipitates which formed from titanium impurities in the bulk steel. This work will also highlight the links between the nanocharacterisation and changes in the bulk properties on annealing

Revivification of confinement resonances in the photoionization of AA@C60_{60} endohedral atoms far above thresholds

It is discovered theoretically that significant confinement resonances in an $nl$ photoionization of a \textit{multielectron} atom $A$ encaged in carbon fullerenes, A@C$_{60}$, may re-appear and be strong at photon energies far exceeding the $nl$ ionization threshold, as a general phenomenon. The reasons for this phenomenon are unraveled. The Ne $2p$ photoionization of the endohedral anion Ne@C$_{60}^{5-}$ in the photon energy region of about a thousand eV above the $2p$ threshold is chosen as case study.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, Revtex