Проблемы и перспективы развития агропромышленного комплекса Украины

In dit onderzoek wordt onderzocht of de negatieve reacties op morele weigeraars voortkomen uit de weigering, of uit de morele gronden voor deze weigering. Bovendien wordt onderzocht of deze negatieve reacties vooral optreden bij mensen met een sterke morele identiteit en of lichamelijke reiniging de bedreigde identiteit kan herstellen. Participanten (N = 110) werden gevraagd om een stuk worst te proeven, wasten al dan niet hun handen en werden geconfronteerd met een weigeraar die de worst niet had gegeten vanuit morele of niet-morele redenen. Resultaten zijn in overeenstemming met de verwachtingen en laten zien dat mensen zich meer bedreigd voelen door morele weigeraars dan niet-morele weigeraars en dat dit speciaal geldt voor mensen met een sterke morele identiteit. Wanneer participanten echter hun handen hebben gewassen verdwijnt dit negatieve effect van morele weigeraars op het zelfbeeld

Гуманізуючий потенціал дистанційного навчання у контексті демократизації мовної освіти

У статті розглядається питання гуманізації мовної освіти за допомогою дистанційного навчання. Зроблено висновок про те, що слід активно використовувати сучасні інформаційні технології для гуманізації і демократизації сфери освіти.В статье рассмотрен вопрос гуманизации языкового образования с помощью дистанционного обучения. Сделан вывод о том, что следует активно использовать современные информационные технологии для гуманизации и демократизации сферы образования.The question of humanization of language education through distant teaching is considered. It is concluded that modern information technologies should be actively used for humanization and democratization of the educational sphere

Assessing the effects of a real-life contact intervention on prejudice toward LGBT people

Prejudice against sexual and gender minorities (e.g., LGBT people) is quite prevalent and is harmful. We examined an existing-and often-used-contact intervention in pre-existing groups in an educational setting and assessed its effectiveness in reducing different forms of LGBT negativity. We focused particularly on modern LGBT negativity: a relatively subtle form of prejudice, involving ambivalence, denial, and/or the belief that there is too much attention for LGBT prejudice. We used a mixed design in which condition (experimental vs. control group) was the between-participants factor, which was randomized at the group level, and time (pretest vs. posttest vs. follow-up) was the within-participants factor (N = 117). Interventions were video recorded and the behavior of LGBT educators and participants was coded. Participants responded positively to the intervention, especially to the LGBT educator's "coming-out story." Exploratory analysis of the video data indicated that the perceived effectiveness of the intervention was higher in groups where participants were more engaged, although caution is necessary in interpreting this finding. The most important measure indicated that modern LGBT negativity decreased in the intervention groups directly after the intervention, but returned to baseline levels one week later. However, in the control condition, modern LGBT negativity had increased over time. Taken together, this suggests that an actual reduction in modern LGBT negativity was short-lived (i.e., the intervention effect disappeared within 7 days).Social decision makin

Здійснення релігієзнавчо-лінгвістичного аналізу поняття "добро" в Корані

У даній статті розглядаються особливості мови Корану. Проводиться морфологічний аналіз слів зі значенням «добро» в арабській мові та наводяться їх приклади уживання в релігійному тексті, тим самим розкриваючи глибину і багатогранність змістового насичення цієї дефініції.В данной статье рассматриваются особенности языка Корана. Проводится морфологический анализ слов со значением «добро» в арабском языке и приводятся примеры их употребления в религиозном тексте, тем самым раскрывая глубину и многогранность содержательного насыщения этой дефиниции.In this article the features of the Koran language are considered. The words with the meaning of “good” in Arab language are analyzed morphologically and the examples of their usage in religious text are given, thereby the depth and versatility of this definition content saturation are discovered

Derogating benevolent behaviour of deviant in-group members: group processes within a real-life sample of heterosexual Christians

How do people evaluate potentially good and desirable behavior by others? We investigate how participants (N = 154) evaluate a couple that wants to adopt an orphan that would otherwise die. We collected data from heterosexual Christians in two cities in the Dutch Bible belt. We manipulated whether the adoptive-parents-to-be were a heterosexual couple or a lesbian couple and whether the couple self-identified as devout Christians or not. Using a subjective group dynamics account, we predicted and found that participants evaluated the lesbian couple in more negative terms than the heterosexual couple, especially when this couple was also Christian. These findings illustrate how positive behavior is derogated when displayed by in-group deviants.Social decision makin

The social dynamics of morality

In this dissertation, I try to answer fundamental questions about how morality functions in various settings. In particular, I use a wide range of content domains, measures, methods and manipulations to examine how people react to the morally motivated behavior of others. In exploring this issue, I focus on reactions towards others who take a moral stance as well as on reactions towards oneself. The starting point for the research described in this dissertation is the observation that people sometimes react negatively when others show moral behavior. For example, in one experiment, participants tasted meat during the study. Hereafter, they were confronted with the reaction of someone who refused to taste this meat out of moral or non-moral reasons. I demonstrated that people who ate meat felt threatened by moral vegetarians. Furthermore, people evaluated themselves more negatively after exposure to moral vegetarians. Moreover, I showed that these effects were attenuated when people could protect their self-concepts, for instance, by cleansing their hands. The behaviors I focus on are not moral or immoral behaviors per se. Instead, what I show is that labelling or perceiving them as moral—regardless of their exact content—has a strong influence on people’s self-concepts, their evaluations of others, and their actual behaviors. This leads to the conclusion that morality plays an important role in regulating people’s attitudes and behaviors in the social world

The social dynamics of morality

In this dissertation, I try to answer fundamental questions about how morality functions in various settings. In particular, I use a wide range of content domains, measures, methods and manipulations to examine how people react to the morally motivated behavior of others. In exploring this issue, I focus on reactions towards others who take a moral stance as well as on reactions towards oneself. The starting point for the research described in this dissertation is the observation that people sometimes react negatively when others show moral behavior. For example, in one experiment, participants tasted meat during the study. Hereafter, they were confronted with the reaction of someone who refused to taste this meat out of moral or non-moral reasons. I demonstrated that people who ate meat felt threatened by moral vegetarians. Furthermore, people evaluated themselves more negatively after exposure to moral vegetarians. Moreover, I showed that these effects were attenuated when people could protect their self-concepts, for instance, by cleansing their hands. The behaviors I focus on are not moral or immoral behaviors per se. Instead, what I show is that labelling or perceiving them as moral—regardless of their exact content—has a strong influence on people’s self-concepts, their evaluations of others, and their actual behaviors. This leads to the conclusion that morality plays an important role in regulating people’s attitudes and behaviors in the social world

Interventions to reduce blatant and subtle sexual orientation- and gender identity prejudice (SOGIP): Current knowledge and future directions.

Given its prevalence and impact, it is important that prejudice against sexual‐and gender identity minorities is reduced and that negative behaviors against these minorities are prevented. We introduce and provide a definition of the term Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP), and discuss its determinants and configurations as well as ways to measure it. Furthermore, we review the recent social psychological literature on SOGIP‐reducing interventions, identify scientific knowledge gaps regarding these interventions, and offer recommendations on how to apply the available knowledge to real‐life situations. We conclude that there are many interventions currently being employed to target SOGIP with some seeming more effective than others. Particularly promising interventions are those aimed at evoking empathy and perspective taking and those aimed at developing alliances between minority and majority members. However, there is still room for improvement. Overall, little empirical evidence speaks to the robustness of intervention effects, its underlying mechanisms, duration, and boundary conditions. Researchers should focus on all aspects of SOGIP (i.e., sexual orientation prejudice as well as gender identity prejudice); different expressions of prejudice (i.e., blatant and subtle), actual behavior towards minorities, and on both perpetrators and targets of prejudice. By joining forces, researchers and practitioners should aim to overcome practical and theoretical obstacles in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Policy makers should support initiatives that test, improve, implement and distribute intervention programs, and can help bring together researchers and practitioners.</p