897 research outputs found
Human Rights or the Rule of Law—The Choice for East Africa?
Article published in the Michigan State International Law Review
The Founders on: Does the Constitution Work?
Whether the Constitution works depends upon the purpose of its working. Discerning that purpose, however, has resisted consensus. Consequently, this article suggests a roundabout way to supply at least a tentative answer to the question whether the Constitution works. The Founders believed that the Constitution, like any republican form of government, would work only for a moral and religious people. They framed and adopted the Constitution in that belief. John Adams warned that without morality and religion, the passions of the people “would break the strongest cords of our Constitution.” A glance at how some cords have fared with a people very likely less than moral and religious in the standards of the Founders has supplied some evidence that, more generally, the Constitution does not work. The Constitution, broadly, may not be suited to the people it governs. If so, whatever convenient ends it may produce, it nevertheless does not work
The Common Law and the Religious Foundations of the Rule of Law Before Casey
WHATEVER IT MAY mean, the rule of law commands apparently universal respect-or at least receives apparently universal lip-service-among civil governments. Classically, the rule of law has been counterpoised to the rule of man, a rule held to be much inferior. Man is willful, apt to help friends and to harm foes even when obliged to judge fairly. Accordingly, the standard law dictionary gives these two pertinent definitions of rule of law : The supremacy of regular as opposed to arbitrary power .... -Also termed supremacy of law. 3. The doctrine that every person is subject to the ordinary law within the jurisdiction ....
NuSTAR discovery of a cyclotron line in the accreting X-ray pulsar IGR J16393-4643
The high-mass X-ray binary and accreting X-ray pulsar IGR J16393-4643 was
observed by NuSTAR in the 3-79 keV energy band for a net exposure time of 50
ks. We present the results of this observation which enabled the discovery of a
cyclotron resonant scattering feature with a centroid energy of 29.3(+1.1/-1.3)
keV. This allowed us to measure the magnetic field strength of the neutron star
for the first time: B = (2.5+/-0.1)e12 G. The known pulsation period is now
observed at 904.0+/-0.1 s. Since 2006, the neutron star has undergone a
long-term spin-up trend at a rate of P' = -2e-8 s/s (-0.6 s per year, or a
frequency derivative of nu' = 3e-14 Hz/s ). In the power density spectrum, a
break appears at the pulse frequency which separates the zero slope at low
frequency from the steeper slope at high frequency. This addition of angular
momentum to the neutron star could be due to the accretion of a quasi-spherical
wind, or it could be caused by the transient appearance of a prograde accretion
disk that is nearly in corotation with the neutron star whose magnetospheric
radius is around 2e8 cm.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 7 pages, 8
figures, 2 table
Observations of MCG-5-23-16 with Suzaku, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR: Disk tomography and Compton hump reverberation
MCG-5-23-16 is one of the first AGN where relativistic reverberation in the
iron K line originating in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole was
found, based on a short XMM-Newton observation. In this work, we present the
results from long X-ray observations using Suzaku, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
designed to map the emission region using X-ray reverberation. A relativistic
iron line is detected in the lag spectra on three different time-scales,
allowing the emission from different regions around the black hole to be
separated. Using NuSTAR coverage of energies above 10 keV reveals a lag between
these energies and the primary continuum, which is detected for the first time
in an AGN. This lag is a result of the Compton reflection hump responding to
changes in the primary source in a manner similar to the response of the
relativistic iron K line.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Ap
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