71 research outputs found
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Outcomes in patients with gunshot wounds to the brain.
Introduction:Gunshot wounds to the brain (GSWB) confer high lethality and uncertain recovery. It is unclear which patients benefit from aggressive resuscitation, and furthermore whether patients with GSWB undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have potential for survival or organ donation. Therefore, we sought to determine the rates of survival and organ donation, as well as identify factors associated with both outcomes in patients with GSWB undergoing CPR. Methods:We performed a retrospective, multicenter study at 25 US trauma centers including dates between June 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patients were included if they suffered isolated GSWB and required CPR at a referring hospital, in the field, or in the trauma resuscitation room. Patients were excluded for significant torso or extremity injuries, or if pregnant. Binomial regression models were used to determine predictors of survival/organ donation. Results:825 patients met study criteria; the majority were male (87.6%) with a mean age of 36.5 years. Most (67%) underwent CPR in the field and 2.1% (n=17) survived to discharge. Of the non-survivors, 17.5% (n=141) were considered eligible donors, with a donation rate of 58.9% (n=83) in this group. Regression models found several predictors of survival. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. Conclusion:We found that GSWB requiring CPR during trauma resuscitation was associated with a 2.1% survival rate and overall organ donation rate of 10.3%. Several factors appear to be favorably associated with survival, although predictions are uncertain due to the low number of survivors in this patient population. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. These results are a starting point for determining appropriate treatment algorithms for this devastating clinical condition. Level of evidence:Level II
The Drosophila melanogaster host model
The deleterious and sometimes fatal outcomes of bacterial infectious diseases are the net result of the interactions between the pathogen and the host, and the genetically tractable fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has emerged as a valuable tool for modeling the pathogen–host interactions of a wide variety of bacteria. These studies have revealed that there is a remarkable conservation of bacterial pathogenesis and host defence mechanisms between higher host organisms and Drosophila. This review presents an in-depth discussion of the Drosophila immune response, the Drosophila killing model, and the use of the model to examine bacterial–host interactions. The recent introduction of the Drosophila model into the oral microbiology field is discussed, specifically the use of the model to examine Porphyromonas gingivalis–host interactions, and finally the potential uses of this powerful model system to further elucidate oral bacterial-host interactions are addressed
A Proteome Resource of Ovarian Cancer Ascites: Integrated Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses To Identify Putative Biomarkers
Multiple bond13C-13C spin-spin coupling provides complementary information in a13C NMR isotopomer analysis of glutamate
A Novel Collaboration to Reduce the Travel-Related Cost of Residency Interviewing
Introduction: Interviewing for residency is a complicated and often expensive endeavor. Literature
has estimated interview costs of 15,000 per applicant, mostly attributable to travel and
lodging. The authors sought to reduce these costs and improve the applicant interview experience
by coordinating interview dates between two residency programs in Chicago, Illinois.
Methods: Two emergency medicine residency programs scheduled contiguous interview dates for
the 2015-2016 interview season. We used a survey to assess applicant experiences interviewing
in Chicago and attitudes regarding coordinated scheduling. Data on utilization of coordinated dates
were obtained from interview scheduling software. The target group for this intervention consisted of
applicants from medical schools outside Illinois who completed interviews at both programs.
Results: Of the 158 applicants invited to both programs, 84 (53%) responded to the survey.
Scheduling data were available for all applicants. The total estimated cost savings for target
applicants coordinating interview dates was $13,950. The majority of target applicants reported
that this intervention increased the ease of scheduling (84%), made them less likely to cancel the
interview (82%), and saved them money (71%).
Conclusion: Coordinated scheduling of interview dates was associated with significant estimated
cost savings and was reviewed favorably by applicants across all measures of experience.
Expanding use of this practice geographically and across specialties may further reduce the cost of
interviewing for applicants. [West J Emerg Med. 2017;18(3)539-543.
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