Applying the key principles of nutrition to nursing practice

This article outlines the importance of good nutrition in adults and children. With reference to adult nursing, the article highlights the benefits of nutritional screening of patients, identifies alternative foods for undernourished patients, and discusses why feeding and planning meal times are vital aspects of patient care. In terms of paediatric nursing, the article discusses the implications of childhood obesity and the importance of eating the right balance of foods

New palaeoceanographic constraints on the Eocene-Oligocene Transition in the Pacific (abstract of paper presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 6-10 Dec 2002)

The Eocene-Oligocene (E/O) transition represents perhaps the most pivotal phase in the shift from Cenozoic greenhouse to icehouse and is marked by the most pronounced shift in the calcite compensation depth (CCD) over the last 100 Myr. Yet detailed palaeoceanographic records for these important events are rare because of the lack of well-dated, expanded deep-sea sedimentary sections containing well-preserved calcareous microfossils. Recently, during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 199, we recovered a series of high-quality E/O sections across a latitudinal and depth transect in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. These sections provide an excellent opportunity to improve our understanding of the palaeoceanographic chain of events that took place across this important interval in the region of the world where the CCD perturbation is believed to be most extreme and in the largest ocean basin. Here, we report new high-resolution records of bulk sediment d13C, d18O and percent carbonate from ODP Sites 1217 through 1220. Our results show the following: (i) Bulk records from the central tropical Pacific have the potential to provide a remarkably clean and detailed chemostratigraphy for the E/O transition. (ii) CCD deepening occurred remarkably rapidly (initial depression <50 ka) and, in the most expanded section, at the shallowest end of the transect (Site 1218), as a two-step shift. (iii) The form of this two-step shift is strikingly similar to the bulk d18O record on the build up to Oi-1. (iv) The intermediate plateau that occurs between the two steps in the d18O series fits very well with the main ~100-120 ky eccentricity cycles observed in multi-sensor track data and their amplitude modulation (plateau = one cycle). (v) The interval of maximum CCD as defined by high carbonate sediment content (≥60% CO3) at the deeper end of the transect (Site 1220) correlates with the onset of Oi-1 and lasts for ~250 ka. (vi) Hitherto unrecorded extreme perturbations to low d18O and d13C values occur in the uppermost Eocene at Site 1218. (vii) d18O and d13C records from this site show significantly more structure within Oi-1 than published records (characteristic features of obliquity control, with a small imprint of precession)

Maitland Riverlink

https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bcs/1423/thumbnail.jp

Saint-Denis – 24 rue Brise-Echelas

En 1997, le site du 24 rue Brise-Echalas a fait l’objet d’un projet de construction immobilière qui comprenait notamment la réalisation de parkings souterrains sur une surface de 1 500 m2. La rue Brise-Echalas se situe dans un secteur de la ville actuelle où, jusqu’ici, l’Unité d’Archéologie de Saint-Denis n’a pas eu la possibilité d’intervenir de manière convenable, bien que cette zone soit susceptible de receler des informations de toute première importance relatives à l’occupation ancienne..

Saint-Denis – Impasse Châteaudun

L’îlot de l’impasse Châteaudun, localisé dans le quartier ouest du centre-ville, fait actuellement l’objet d’un important projet de reconstruction immobilière. Le site occupe un espace qui se trouvait immédiatement à l’extérieur de l’enceinte édifiée à partir du milieu du xive s. Ce même emplacement serait éventuellement celui d’un bastion rajouté à l’enceinte à la fin du xvie s. Les archives indiquent que ce lieu aurait servi peu de temps, de 1763 à 1770, comme cimetière pour le régiment de ..

Hantkeninid planktonic foraminifera and eocene palaeoceanographic change.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN040802 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Disentangling Eocene/Oligocene ocean changes in the NW Atlantic using planktic foraminifera, stable isotopes and other proxies

El tránsito Eoceno-Oligoceno (EOT en siglas inglesas) estuvo asociado a un enfriamiento pronunciado del océano y a cambios en la circulación oceánica que culminó con la formación inicial del casquete polar de la Antártida hace ~34 Ma. Un conjunto creciente de evidencias sedimentológicas, geoquímicas y micropaleontológicas en el Hemisferio Norte sugieren que la circulación oceánica del Atlántico Norte jugó un importante rol en los cambios climáticos ocurridos durante el EOT. Esta Tesis Doctoral contribuye con una revisión de los eventos oceanográficos y climáticos ocurridos entre hace 36 y 33 Ma basada en el análisis de las asociaciones micropaleontológicas (foraminíferos planctónicos, foraminíferos bentónicos y nanofósiles calcáreos) y de los isótopos estables (δ18O y δ13C) obtenidos de las conchas excepcionalmente bien preservadas de foraminíferos provenientes del margen Oeste del Atlántico Norte (DSDP Site 612). Este sondeo es de latitud media (paleolatitud 41°18’N, 48°54’W) y está situado en el talud continental de New Jersey (paleoprofundidad ~1000 m). En la actualidad, probablemente como en el EOT, se halla en la confluencia de la Corriente del Golfo, que fluye hacia el norte, y la Corriente del Labrador, que fluye hacia el sur, mientras que el fondo oceánico es bañado por el Agua Profunda del Atlántico Norte (NADW en siglas inglesas). Los datos isotópicos y bioestratigráficos indican que la primera fase del EOT (EOT-1 y el límite Eoceno/Oligoceno, o EOB en siglas inglesas) está registrada en los sedimentos del Sondeo 612. Sin embargo, el evento de glaciación Antártica Oi-1 está truncado por un hiato, sobre el cual se conserva únicamente una fina capa del Oligoceno.El estudio cuantitativo de las asociaciones micropaleontológicas y las mediciones isotópicas de oxígeno y carbono en conchas de foraminíferos planctónicos y bentónicos han permitido identificar cambios significativos en las condiciones de las aguas superficiales y profundas del Atlántico Norte durante los 2.87 Ma estudiados del Eoceno tardío y Oligoceno temprano. Este periodo puede dividirse en cuatro fases paleoambientales, las cuales pueden reflejar los cambios en el aporte de nutrientes y mezcla vertical acontecidos durante los 2.5 Ma anteriores al EOB en el Atlántico Norte. Estos cambios son consistentes con la intensificación de las aguas profundas provenientes del norte que venía ocurriendo desde hace 36 Ma y que provocó alteraciones en las corrientes superficiales. Los resultados de esta Tesis Doctoral son importantes para entender los eventos globales asociados con la rápida expansión de la criosfera en el Oligoceno temprano.The Eocene-Oligocene climate transition (EOT) was associated with pronounced global cooling and changes in ocean circulation that culminated in the onset of Antarctic glaciation ~34 Ma ago. A growing body of sedimentologic, geochemical and micropaleontologic evidence recognizes consistent changes in the Northern Hemisphere that imply an important role for North Atlantic Ocean circulation during the EOT. This PhD thesis contributes new insights about the oceanographic and climatic events occurred between 36 and 33 Ma based on micropaleontological assemblage analysis (planktic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils) and stable isotope data (δ18O and δ13C) on exceptionally well preserved (glassy) foraminifera from DSDP Site 612 on the western North Atlantic margin. This midlatitude site (paleolatitude 41°18’N, 48°54’W) is located on the New Jersey Continental Slope (palaeodepth ~1000 m). In the present, as well as likely during EOT time, it sits at the confluence of today’s north flowing Gulf Stream and south flowing Labrador surface currents. Today Site 612 seafloor is bathed by North Atlantic Deep Water. Isotopic and biostratigraphic data indicate that the first phase of the EOT (EOT-1 and the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, EOB) is captured in Site 612 sediments but the rest, i.e. the Oi-1 Antarctic glaciation event, is truncated by a hiatus, with only a sliver of early Oligocene strata surviving. According to recognized micropaleontological assemblages and oxygen and carbon stable isotope measurements on benthic and planktic foraminifera, significant changes in surface and deep-water conditions have been identified in the 2.87 Myrs of the late Eocene and early Oligocene. This period can be divided into four paleoenvironmental phases, which can reflect the changes in nutrient supply and vertical mixing occurred during the 2.5 Myrs prior to the EOB in the North Atlantic. These changes are consistent with shifting influence of surface currents linked here to strengthening of northern-sourced deep water production, from 36 Ma. The results of this PhD thesis are important for piecing together the global events associated with the rapid expansion of the cryosphere in the early Oligocene.<br /

Eliciting Phonetic Data and Metadata during Linguistic Field Research

Having identified a gap for research which combines the perspectives of experienced field researchers in relation to the methods used when collecting data on the phonetic and phonological aspects of language, this research will collate and explore the results of a survey of 16 experienced field linguists who have shared insight into tried and tested methods of data collection. Through an online survey, respondents answered questions about their experiences of data collection with a particular focus on areas which were identified from the literature as having potential to cause difficulties. The areas of difficulty addressed were: the target language and informant(s), minimal pairs, affricates, connected speech, allophones, variation and metadata and, finally, recording methods. Participants were asked about the methods used to elicit data and the problems that they encountered throughout their research, followed by ways in which these problems were overcome. Through analysis of the results and reference to the existing literature, a number of areas of methodological consensus have been identified. These areas of consensus, along with less well-known techniques, have contributed to a discussion of best practise in the collection of phonetic and phonological data. Using the results of the survey, each area has been explored and a set of recommendations have been proposed to guide future linguistic documentation projects. The suggested recommendations are also intended to serve as a prompt with additional techniques for use when problems are encountered by researchers during their research. Whilst useful for any phonetic and phonological linguistic documentation project, the research was motivated by the diminishing rates of linguistic diversity throughout the world. By forming recommendations based on the opinions and experiences of 16 field researchers, it is hoped that the advice generated will be of assistance to future researchers in their efforts to document endangered language varieties

Iterative evolution of digitate planktonic foraminifera

Digitate shell morphologies have evolved repeatedly in planktonic foraminifera throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Digitate species are usually rare in fossil and modern assemblages but show increased abundance and diversity at times during the Cretaceous and mid- dle Eocene. In this paper we discuss the morphology and stratigraphic distribution of digitate planktonic foraminifera and establish the isotopic depth ecology of fossil ones to draw parallels with modern counterparts

Foraminiferal turnover at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in Tanzania and Java

Abstrac