Trust, Fear, Reciprocity, and Altruism: Theory and Experiment

This paper describes central topics in our research program on social preferences. The discussion covers experimental designs that discriminate among alternative components of preferences such as unconditional altruism, positive reciprocity, trust (in positive reciprocity), negative reciprocity, and fear (of negative reciprocity). The paper describes experimental data on effects of social distance and decision context on reciprocal behavior and male vs. female and group vs. individual differences in reciprocity. The exposition includes experimental designs that provide direct tests of alternative models of social preferences and summarizes implications of data for the models. The discussion reviews models of other-regarding preferences that are and are not conditional on othersâ?? revealed intentions and the implications of data for these models.

Some Issues of Methods, Theories, and Experimental Designs

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APEL, APL or CPD?

Acquired prior experiential learning (APEL), acquired prior learning (APL) and/or continuous professional development (CPD) in the form of short courses or degree courses can ensure current and future employment.CPD is a requirement of regulatory and professional bodies and supported by healthcare organizations.It has been recognized that patients and healthcare institutions benefit when healthcare practitioners are competent. Through CPD health professionals can keep their skills and knowledge up to date and work safely, legally and effectively. </jats:p

Never events in gastrointestinal nursing

Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders frequently require interventions that can lead to serious consequences for patients when an organization has not put in place the correct systems and processes to prevent incidents from happening, procedures have not been followed (generally due to poor observation), or when an individual disregards protocol (generally due to lack of judgment). It has been identified that over 400,000 patients suffer potentially preventable harmful events each year (Emslie, 2002). In this article, Carol Cox describes the types of risks that can lead to never events and factors that increase the potential for error

On Modeling Voluntary Contributions to Public Goods

This paper addresses four "stylized facts" that summarize data from experimental studies of voluntary contributions to provision of public goods. Theoretical propositions and testable hypotheses for voluntary contributions are derived from two models of social preferences, the inequity aversion model and the egocentric other-regarding preferences model. We find that the egocentric other-regarding preferences model with classical regularity properties can better account for the stylized facts than the inequity aversion model with non-classical properties.

Risk Aversion as Attitude towards Probabilities: A Paradox

Theories of decision under risk that challenge expected utility theory model risk attitudes at least partly with transformation of probabilities. We explain how attributing risk aversion (partly or wholly) to attitude towards probabilities, can produce extreme probability distortions that imply paradoxical risk aversion.risk aversion, probability transformation, calibration, reference dependence, loss aversion