Cruise Report 62S5,62S6, 62M1, 62M2 - Abalone

(PDF contains 6 pages.

Electrical phase angle as a new method to measure fish condition

In this study, phase angle (the ratio of resistance and reactance of tissue to applied electrical current) is presented as a possible new method to measure fish condition. Condition indices for fish have historically been based on simple weight-at-length relationships, or on costly and timeconsuming laboratory procedures that measure specific physiological parameters. Phase angle is introduced to combine the simplicity of a quick field-based measurement with the specificity of laboratory analysis by directly measuring extra- and intracellular water distribution within an organism, which is indicative of its condition. Phase angle, which can be measured in the field or laboratory in the time it takes to measure length and weight, was measured in six species of fish at different states (e.g., fed vs. fasted, and postmortem) and under different environmental treatments (wild vs. hatchery, winter vs. spring). Phase angle reflected different states of condition. Phase angles 15° indicated fish that were in better condition. Phase angle was slightly affected by temperatures (slope = – 0.19) in the 0–8°C range and did not change in fish placed on ice for <12 hours. Phase angle also decreased over time in postmortem fish because of cell membrane degradation and subsequent water movement from intra- to extracellular (interstitial) spaces. Phase angle also reflected condition of specific anatomical locations within the fish

Monte Carlo modeling of multiply scattered laser ceilometer returns

February 1994.Also issued as Chan W. Keith's thesis (M.S.) -- Colorado State University, 1994.Includes bibliographical references.Initial analysis of the data from the laser ceilometer used during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) and Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) programs indicated that clouds were sometimes not reported even though clouds were visible over the ceilometer. In order to understand this inconsistency, a model using Monte Carlo techniques has been refined to study the effect that multiple scattering and other physical processes have on near infrared laser ceilometer returns. The model traces photon paths through three orders of scattering within various scattering media and determines the photon's probability of returning to the receiver at each scattering point. The Monte Carlo model allows for a limited number of horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities in the extinction coefficient and scattering phase function within the scattering media. Clear air and background aerosol scattering, based on published standards are also introduced within the model. Results from the current model are compared with previously published results. Specific atmospheric media and laser ceilometer parameters are modeled, and a factor, a, is defined to measure the effects of each. Results from the model indicate that precipitation and extinction by the subcloud layer have the most significant impact upon the return signal. For clouds with the same optical depth, those with an increasing extinction with depth exhibited a flatter, smaller magnitude return signal than those with a constant or decreasing extinction. Rayleigh scattering and background aerosols in the subcloud layer decrease the return signal from the cloud and introduce a background level of return from below the cloud. Rain in the subcloud layer lowers the return signal from the cloud, but increases the signal from the subcloud layer due to its relatively large extinction, while realistic levels of absorption have no significant impact. Lastly, a quantitative assessment of detectability for clouds is made, based on amin as a threshold. Model results indicate that conditions can exist where a cloud may not be identified by the laser ceilometer.Sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NAG 1-1146, and the Office of Naval Research contract N00014-91-J-1422, P0004

Cruise Report 63-S-5, 63-M-1 - Abalone

(PDF contains 5 pages.

Make Research Data Public? -- Not Always so Simple: A Dialogue for Statisticians and Science Editors

Putting data into the public domain is not the same thing as making those data accessible for intelligent analysis. A distinguished group of editors and experts who were already engaged in one way or another with the issues inherent in making research data public came together with statisticians to initiate a dialogue about policies and practicalities of requiring published research to be accompanied by publication of the research data. This dialogue carried beyond the broad issues of the advisability, the intellectual integrity, the scientific exigencies to the relevance of these issues to statistics as a discipline and the relevance of statistics, from inference to modeling to data exploration, to science and social science policies on these issues.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS320 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Scalability of Non-intrusive Load Monitoring for Shipboard Applications

The non-intrusive load monitor has been demonstrated as an effective tool for evaluating and monitoring shipboard electro-mechanical systems through analysis of electrical power data. A key advantage of the non-intrusive approach is the ability to reduce sensor count by monitoring collections of loads. This paper reviews trade-offs that affect the likely performance of the NILM in a real world environment.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sea Grant College Program; Grainger Foundation; National Science Foundation (U.S.); United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; United States. Coast Guard; United States. Office of Naval Research. Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium; NAVSEA; University of North Carolin

Field Demonstration of a Real-time Non-intrusive Monitoring System for Condition-based Maintenance

The performance of important electrical loads on mission critical systems like warships or off-shore platforms is often tracked by dedicated monitoring equipment. Individual monitoring of each load is expensive and risky. Expense occurs because of the need for individual sensors and sensor wiring for every load of interest. Reliability is compromised because detected failures or fault conditions might legitimately be due to load failure, but might also be due to errors or failure in the sensor network or recording instruments. The power distribution network on a warship could be pressed into “dual-use” service, providing not only power distribution but also a diagnostic monitoring capability based on observations of the way in which loads draw power from the distribution service. This paper describes field tests of a prototype system that monitors multiple loads using existing electrical wiring. Initial results are presented from a device that monitors a small collection of motors and two other devices that monitor an entire engine room.Grainger Foundation; National Science Foundation (U.S.); United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; United States. Coast Guard; United States. Office of Naval Research. Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium; NAVSEA; University of North Carolin

Eimeria Species and Genetic Background Influence the Serum Protein Profile of Broilers with Coccidiosis

BACKGROUND: Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoal parasites of the genus Eimeria. Despite the advent of anti-coccidial drugs and vaccines, the disease continues to result in substantial annual economic losses to the poultry industry. There is still much unknown about the host response to infection and to date there are no reports of protein profiles in the blood of Eimeria-infected animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum proteome of two genetic lines of broiler chickens after infection with one of three species of Eimeria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Birds from lines A and B were either not infected or inoculated with sporulated oocysts from one of the three Eimeria strains at 15 d post-hatch. At 21 d (6 d post-infection), whole blood was collected and lesion scoring was performed. Serum was harvested and used for 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 1,266 spots were quantitatively assessed by densitometry. Protein spots showing a significant effect of coccidia strain and/or broiler genetic line on density at P<0.05-0.01 (250 spots), P<0.01-0.001 (248 spots), and P<0.001 (314 spots) were excised and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified in 172 spots. A total of 46 different proteins were identified. Of the spots with a corresponding protein identification, 57 showed a main effect of coccidia infection and/or 2-way interaction of coccidia infection×broiler genetic line at P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Several of the metabolic enzymes identified in this study are potential candidates for early diagnostic markers of E. acervulina infection including malate dehydrogenase 2, NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex 9, and an ATP synthase. These proteins were detected only in Line A birds that were inoculated with E. acervulina. Results from this study provide a basic framework for future research aimed at uncovering the complex biochemical mechanisms involved in host response to Eimeria infection and in identifying molecular targets for diagnostic screening and development of alternative preventative and therapeutic methods

The Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Comorbid Back Pain in Shoulder Instability: A Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability Cohort Study.

Background:Understanding predictors of pain is critical, as recent literature shows that comorbid back pain is an independent risk factor for worse functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as well as increased opioid dependence after total joint arthroplasty. Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether comorbid back pain would be predictive of pain or self-reported instability symptoms at the time of stabilization surgery. We hypothesized that comorbid back pain will correlate with increased pain at the time of surgery as well as with worse scores on shoulder-related PRO measures. Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods:As part of the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability cohort, patients consented to participate in pre- and intraoperative data collection. Demographic characteristics, injury history, preoperative PRO scores, and radiologic and intraoperative findings were recorded for patients undergoing surgical shoulder stabilization. Patients were also asked, whether they had any back pain. Results:The study cohort consisted of 1001 patients (81% male; mean age, 24.1 years). Patients with comorbid back pain (158 patients; 15.8%) were significantly older (28.1 vs 23.4 years; P &lt; .001) and were more likely to be female (25.3% vs 17.4%; P = .02) but did not differ in terms of either preoperative imaging or intraoperative findings. Patients with self-reported back pain had significantly worse preoperative pain and shoulder-related PRO scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index) (P &lt; .001), more frequent depression (22.2% vs 8.3%; P &lt; .001), poorer mental health status (worse scores for the RAND 36-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score, Iowa Quick Screen, and Personality Assessment Screener) (P &lt; .01), and worse preoperative expectations (P &lt; .01). Conclusion:Despite having similar physical findings, patients with comorbid back pain had more severe preoperative pain and self-reported symptoms of instability as well as more frequent depression and lower mental health scores. The combination of disproportionate shoulder pain, comorbid back pain and mental health conditions, and inferior preoperative expectations may affect not only the patient's preoperative state but also postoperative pain control and/or postoperative outcomes