The development of education in Berwick upon Tweed to 1902

From the small schools of the late mediaeval and Tudor periods there had developed in Berwick upon Tweed, by 1902 a most complex and comprehensive pattern of education. A Latin Grammar School and other Corporation Schools were;founded by the Guild in the seventeenth century, and in 1725 private benefactors established the Charity School, which was closely allied with Holy Trinity Parish. Church. The; non-freemen of Berwick and the many non-Anglican religious groups in the town therefore determined in the nineteenth century to found their own schools, and both the Guild and' the Church of England congregations in their turn responded to the challenge and extended their own provision of education. Detailed accounts are given of the following schools: a) the Latin Grammar School b) the; Corporation Schools, later the Academy. c) seven National Schools, namely Berwick Boys' National School (for merly the Charity School), Berwick Girls' and Infants' National Schools, Whitadder Bridge National School, St. Mary's National School, and the Tweedmouth and Spittal National Schools d) the Workhouse School e) six Nonconformist Schools, namely Kirkwood's Lancasterian School, Spittal British School, Berwick British. Infants J and Berwick British Schools, and the Berwick and Tweedmouth Presbyterian Schools f ) St. Cuthbert's Roman Catholic School. Mention is also made of the contribution of private schools, Sunday Schools, evening classes, the Mechanics' Institute, the School of Art and libraries. Berwick is remarkable for the number and) great variety of its schools, and the influence upon them of both Scottish and English educational practice, the result of the town's geographical position and the presence within it of so many distinct groups, each working to create and sustain its own ideal of education

Gravity Fails

Gravity Fails is a collection of four short stories and two memoirs that explore the ways in which characters adjust and fit into to a world that is destructive, fragmented and sometimes alien. Many of these pieces deal not with the moment of crisis, but with the aftermath. In Gravity Fails, the young Danielle struggles to feel safe after the violent murder of her mother. Eliza Morrison negotiates the disappearance of her husband in More Colors. Following Rebecca chronicles a woman\u27s return to normalcy after her alcoholic husband divorces her. These characters are not happy; they are not healthy. Their lives have, in some way, been fragmented. But they find ways to move on by whatever possible means, and at their core, they are searching not just for a way to survive, but for a way to put themselves back together and find wholeness

James M. Decker, Indrek Manniste, eds. Henry Miller: New Perspectives.

Henry Miller continues to be a writer who causes much consternation amongst readers and critics alike. Often characterised as everything for a pornographer, misogynist, counter-cultural hero to sexual libertine, Miller has frequently been pigeonholed by critics to fit their agenda. This, along with changing sensibilities within literary criticism has led to a relegation of Miller to the minor leagues of research and academia. Thus, this edition of essays by many of today’s leading Miller scho..

Community and nation: the representation of the village in French landscape painting 1870-1890

The thesis considers the motif of the village and the significance of its role amid the profusion of rural landscape paintings in France during the period 1870-1890. Its aim is to determine the extent to which the popularity of the motif among both artists and audiences articulated contemporary artistic, social and political conditions. The subject is treated thematically with each chapter presenting a contextual argument and followed by a corresponding case study.After establishing the topic and methodology of the thesis, the introduction distinguishes the type of painting to be considered. It clarifies firstly what was considered a 'village' by the nineteenth century audience, and subsequently what can be termed a 'village landscape'. The second chapter then examines reasons for the appeal of the village landscape both from the standpoint of aesthetic theory and contextual influences. Particular attention is paid to the marketing of the village landscape in the Parisian art world. The following case study contrasts the differing success of Claude Monet and Henri Harpignies in painting similar types of village iconography.The following three chapters consider specific components of the motif. Beginning with the significance of geographical location, chapter three contemplates the characteristics which different regions lent to the iconography. The particularly popular Breton village of PontAven is developed as an example. Chapter four looks at depictions of the generalised French village as an idealised working community, contrasting it with the more immediate concerns affecting rural France at that time. This is followed by an analysis of Alfred Sisley's paintings of Saint-Mammes and its canal activity. Chapter five then complements this theme by examining the significance of the village at rest. It focuses on images where the village is represented as a place of respite and shelter for the worker, but also where it indicates inactivity, closing and even death. Jean-Charles Cazin's paintings of villages at twilight serve to demonstrate the loaded nature of such imagery.The final chapter concludes by attempting to define the archetypal village, and summarising the variety of values and associations that even the most simplified motif could encapsulate for the nineteenth-century French artist and his audience

Beyond “An Apple A Day”: Advancing Education for Critical Food Literacy in Ontario’s School System

Food is in many ways a connective tissue of the human experience. Over the course of the last century, changes to both local and global food systems has “distanced” eaters from the sources and impacts of the food we eat and the political and ecological systems it is a part of. The agroindustrial food system has produced a wide range of crises, including impacts to the degradation of land, soil, species and water and climate, human health, culture, farmer livelihoods, food and agroecological knowledges, and citizenship. Many scholars have written about food and environmental crises as being reflections of a “crisis in education”. Numerous forms of food education, prolific in recent years, have emerged as a response to the idea that populations require more knowledge in order to “better” engage with the increasingly complex nature of food and food systems. Food education is understood as a conduit for increasing “food literacy”, which in turn is assumed to be part of the “solution” to problems caused by the industrial food system. However, expressions of food education ranging from corporate food marketing of ‘healthy’ and ‘ethical’ foods, public health campaigns which teach the individual to eat ‘better’, to notforprofit programming focused on food justice and active engagement carry disparate drivers and goals, shaped by the discourses most relevant to their locations. This has contributed to an international phenomenon where normative statements are made, largely in siloed environments (Martin, 2018), about what it means to be “food literate”. The discipline of social determinants of health has illuminated how people’s choices, behaviours, attitudes and pathways to positive health outcomes are constrained and shaped by structural and institutional factors which aren’t equitably distributed among human populations. It follows that food literacy frameworks should move beyond education which “treats” the individual, towards education which “treats” the very structural roots that make food literacy necessary. As food literacy becomes a more prominent feature of Ontario policy and subsequently shapes schoolbased learning, it’s important that we ask, What kind of food literacy do we want Ontario students to graduate with? The kind that reinforces existing crises?, Or, the kind that presents the possibility for change? The main goals of this paper are to build upon and contribute to the literature which engages with the intersection of food, environmental education, and critical literacy, to broaden popular conceptualizations of food literacy by bringing to the fore frameworks which address the root causes of food system dysfunction, to present possibilities for a food education practice that relocates the discursive space for determining “what counts as food literacy” (Kimura, 2010, p.466), and to consider how these things can respond to the increasing calls for food education to be advanced in Ontario schools. Drawing upon existing literature, education policy review, as well as qualitative data obtained through interviews with 12 people who work as teachers, formal and nonformal facilitators, and academic researchers from public schools, external organizations and universities, predominantly based in Ontario, this paper will explore the processes that would allow for critical food literacy to become an integral component of Ontario’s public education system. This goal of this paper is not to provide fixed solutions, but rather to help develop our collective understandings of what it means to nourish ourselves, our world, and each other

Killing the Buddha: Henry Miller's long journey to Satori

The aim of this thesis to is explore the relationship between Henry Miller, Zen Buddhism and how this may offer new ways of reading Miller. By exploring the life-long interest of Miller in Eastern Philosophy I hope to show that far from being the misogynistic, sexual miscreant of legend, he was in fact a deeply spiritual man who wished his work to inspire and motivate readers rather than be a form of titillation. My attempt here is not to rehabilitate Miller’s reputation in regards to race, religion or gender, but rather to examine his work through a more spiritual lens. In the process I will attempt to use a more complete selection of Miller’s works than is commonly utilized by critics, although particular attention will be given to Tropic of Cancer, I will show how later, more spiritual works illuminate Miller’s Zen Buddhist beliefs. By using novels, essays, letters and pamphlets I hope to provide a wide-ranging examination of Miller’s oeuvre both chronologically and spiritually. Two key words that will be found to re-occur throughout the thesis are ‘journey’ and ‘progression’. Journey in the sense that Miller saw his own life in Zen Buddhist terms; he existed to evolve and gain awareness though his life experiences through the writing and re-writing them until he could move beyond them. Progression in the sense that movement is crucial to the development of spirituality, the mind and heart must be open to new knowledge and understanding. I will show that Miller came to conceptualise both his life and work through the Zen Buddhist teaching of The Four Noble Truths and Miller’s daily implementation of The Eight Fold Path. I will start by arguing that it is impossible to understand Miller’s journey without first examining the process by which he came to shape his own life narrative. The Zen peace of Miller’s later years was hard fought and gained at considerable price to both him and those close to him. Miller first had to develop a conceptualisation of creativity before he could be open to meaningful spiritual change. This thesis will examine the lasting influence of both Otto Rank and Henri Bergson on Miller’s idea of what it meant to be a writer, how reality in relation to his life experiences was malleable and how this provided Miller with the foundation on which to explore his spirituality. I will show how Miller’s close relationship to Surrealism caused him to re-think some of his positions in relation to language, style and freedom, yet ultimately why he felt impelled to continue on his journey to Zen Buddhism enlightenment

Paradigms of Mediated Translation in Armenian: An Exploration

This paper examines four discreet issues influencing the macro-context of mediated translations into Armenian from Late Antiquity to the modern period. The first treats religious scripture, reviewing the very different contexts for the translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (5thcentury) and the Qur’ān (17th century). The second analyzes the Silk Route as a vehicle for exchange between peripheral cultures facilitating the Armenian reception of two works of Sanskrit literature. The third pursues evolving literary traditions and their textual diffusion via a case study of the Alexander Romance. Meanwhile, the fourth examines the nature of colonial experiments in the 18th-19th centuries in creating regionality within the wider process of globalization that impinged on the translation processes of communities in different parts of the Armenian oikoumene of the time with special attention to Mesrop Tałiadian’s novel Vēp Vardgisi of 1846

Hostels : greenhouses or warehouses? : an ethnographic and theoretical study of the origins, development and purposes of approved premises

This thesis explores the development of hostels / approved premises and considers the existence of an 'unexplored' past that may help cast light on their current purposes. Drawing on historical and theoretical domains it constructs a hinterland from which to undertake critical exploration of their current practices and possible futures. A staged ethnographic study of two hostels is offered, with a four year gap in between to allow consideration as to whether hostels are changing and whether wider policy shifts impacting on probation more generally, can be seen to be shaping hostels' possible future(s). Observations, interviews, engagement in both formal and informal meetings with staff, residents and managers have been used to develop a view of hostels from the underside of practice. Critical theorising and exploration of hostels' past has been located against both the wider social and political shifts that may be seen to have impacted on the rehabilitative and re-integrative role of the hostel, and the emerging themes emanating from the ethnographic work. Key points of discussion include: an argument for a longer history of hostels than is currently suggested, an exploration of the relationship between hostels and the wider probation service and criminal justice system, the centrality of re-integration to rehabilitation and the impact of new punitiveness on hostels' changing role and function at the start of the 21st century. It is argued that a retreat from integration of offenders into society and a devaluing of their social agency and moral worth is now at risk of becoming accepted as part of hostels' 'new' public protection role. Consideration is given to how staff and residents may be experiencing the 'risk driven' changes that are taking place and what wider implications this works findings may have for policy, practice and rehabilitative theory. An alternative penology is offered that both takes account of hostels past and acknowledges their changed clientele.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Hostels - greenhouses or warehouses? An ethnographic and theoretical study of the origins, development and purposes of approved premises

This thesis explores the development of hostels / approved premises and considers the existence of an 'unexplored' past that may help cast light on their current purposes. Drawing on historical and theoretical domains it constructs a hinterland from which to undertake critical exploration of their current practices and possible futures. A staged ethnographic study of two hostels is offered, with a four year gap in between to allow consideration as to whether hostels are changing and whether wider policy shifts impacting on probation more generally, can be seen to be shaping hostels' possible future(s). Observations, interviews, engagement in both formal and informal meetings with staff, residents and managers have been used to develop a view of hostels from the underside of practice. Critical theorising and exploration of hostels' past has been located against both the wider social and political shifts that may be seen to have impacted on the rehabilitative and re-integrative role of the hostel, and the emerging themes emanating from the ethnographic work. Key points of discussion include: an argument for a longer history of hostels than is currently suggested, an exploration of the relationship between hostels and the wider probation service and criminal justice system, the centrality of re-integration to rehabilitation and the impact of new punitiveness on hostels' changing role and function at the start of the 21st century. It is argued that a retreat from integration of offenders into society and a devaluing of their social agency and moral worth is now at risk of becoming accepted as part of hostels' 'new' public protection role. Consideration is given to how staff and residents may be experiencing the 'risk driven' changes that are taking place and what wider implications this works findings may have for policy, practice and rehabilitative theory. An alternative penology is offered that both takes account of hostels past and acknowledges their changed clientele

Reporting on patient and public involvement (PPI) in research publications: Using the GRIPP2 checklists with lay co-researchers

© The Author(s). 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health and social care research is considered important internationally, with increasing evidence that PPI improves the quality, relevance and outcomes of research. There has been a growth in research publications that describe PPI in the research process, but the frequency and detail of PPI reporting varies considerably. This paper reports on a collaborative study that aimed to describe the extent of PPI in publications from research funded by the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) in the East of England (EoE), part of the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) in England (2014-2019). Methods: A descriptive study of all research publications (1st January 2014 to 31st October 2017) funded by the NIHR CLAHRC EoE. Members of the Public Involvement in Research group (PIRg), at the University of Hertfordshire, were actively involved, with four PIRg co-researchers. We used an internationally recognised reporting checklist for PPI called the GRIPP2 (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public, Version 2) to guide the reviewing process. Results: Out of 148 research papers identified, 16 (14%) reported some aspect of PPI activity and were included for review. Ten of the publications (63%) acknowledged the contributions of PPI individuals and/or groups and five had PPI co-authors. There was considerable variation in the PPI reported in the publications, with some ‘missed opportunities’ to provide detail of PPI undertaken. The perspectives of the co-researchers shaped the reporting of the results from this study. The co-researchers found the GRIPP2-SF (short form) to be useful, but the GRIPP2-LF (long form) was considered over complicated and not user-friendly. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to involve lay co-researchers in the review of PPI reporting using the GRIPP2 reporting checklists (GRIPP2-SF and GRIPP2-LF). We make recommendations for a revised version of the GRIPP2-SF, with clearer instructions and three additional sections to record whether PPI is reported in the abstract or key words, in the acknowledgements section, and whether there are PPI co-authors. We also recommend the provision of training and support for patient and public peer reviewers.Peer reviewe