Maturity onset diabetes of the young: current trends and concepts

Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 6th International Medical Congress for Students and Young DoctorsIntroduction: Diabetes is a worldwide problem with polygenic etiology and high rate of mortality and morbidity. By 2030 the number of individuals with diabetes worldwide may rise to 472 million. Eighty per cent of them will be in low and middle income countries. In some of these countries diabetic drugs and insulin are inaccessible or rather expensive which eventually affect the whole healthcare system. Nevertheless 10% of patients with type 1 and 5% of patients with type 2 diabetes have a monogenic form of this disease. Materials and methods: We studies a case series of patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) with the review of the literature of the last 10 years using PubMed and Scopus. Discussion results: Nationwide studies show that the prevalence of MODY ranges from about 1% to 35% of all diabetes mellitus cases. Current data describes 11 types of MODY. The most frequent are MODY 1, 2 and 3. To date, several transcriptional factors and an enzyme are Associated with MODY. There are several characteristic traits that may help to diagnose the disease without molecular methods. Such include diabetes diagnosed before 45 years, negative β-cell antibodies, less than 30 years of age, no insulin resistance, family history of diabetes, detectable C-peptide more than 0,2 nmol/l outside the honeymoon period, GST more than 0.2 nmol/l. Conclusion: In Republic of Moldova there are approximately 80 thousand diabetic patients, which mean that they represent somewhere 50% of the endocrine diseases. Some of these patients may have MODY diabetes which requires different treatment options and has a better clinical prognosis then type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Key Words: monogenic forms of diabetes, HNF-4a, GCK, HNF-1a

Renal Arteries: A Morphological and Angiographic Assessment

Abstract: In comparison with other organs, variants of blood supply to the kidneys were always at special attention. In many respects, the relevance of the topic can be explained by the presence of a large number of surgical and non-surgical procedures performed on this organ, the number of which continues to grow. We therefore analyzed renal artery variations by the method of macroscopic anatomical dissection on 56 kidneys and retrospectively analyzed the data of 93 aortography performed using the Seldinger technique. In our study, one renal artery was encountered in 45 cases (80.34%) based on dissection method and in 156 cases (83.87%) based on angiography. Two renal arteries were found in 11 cases (19.64%) according to the dissection method and in 30 cases (16.13%) according to the data of the aortography. Bifurcation of the renal artery occurred in 5 cases (8.93%) and trifurcation – 2 cases (3.57%). Based on the angiography data bifurcation was detected in 16 cases (8.60%) and in trifurcation in 3 case (1.61%). Extrarenal division occurred in 10 cases (17.86%). Based on dissection method the superior polar arteries were recorded in 12 cases (21.43%). On angiographies, the superior polar arteries were encountered in 10 cases (5.38%) and inferior polar arteries – in 2 cases (1.08%). The data provided in the article can be used by specialists in urology, nephrology, vascular surgery, as well as in other therapeutic and surgical specialties

Anemia în BPOC

Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Moldova Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U

To sleep, or not to sleep – that is the question, for polysomnography

Dept of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Moldova, Dept of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy Copyright © 2020 by the European Respiratory Societ

Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-06-10, pub-electronic 2021-06-14Publication status: PublishedWhile molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19

Pancreas divisum: a reemerging risk factor for pancreatic diseases

Pancreas divisum (PD) is the most common developmental anatomic variant of pancreatic duct. The attention towards the PD has grown significantly since there are reports that this condition may cause acute relapsing pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and chronic abdominal pain syndrome. Furthermore, over the years, there have been multiple reports of PD associated with different types of tumors. There is evidence that PD can be associated with pancreatic tumors (up to 12.5% of cases). The golden standard for diagnosing PD is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, but since it is an invasive procedure magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin is a good alternative. In case the patient is symptomatic, endoscopic or surgical treatment should be performed. This review describes the key points of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, risks of pancreatitis and tumors, as well as treatment options of PD