Perrault Aux Prises Avec la Fontaine: Imitation, Compétition et Correction Dans Les Fables de Faërne (1699)

Known especially for his fairy tales, Charles Perrault is also the author of the Fables de Faërne (1699). In this French translation of the Neo-Latin volume Fabulae Centum (1564), written by the Italian humanist Gabriel Faerno, Perrault had to position himself against his renowned predecessor Jean de La Fontaine, who had been dominating fable literature for decades. Perrault could either imitate his famous example, or evade it, due to anxiety of influence. To illustrate this inner struggle, we systematically compare both authors’ fables, concentrating our analysis on versification (metre and rhyme), vocabulary and apostrophe. In our comparison, we constantly verify whether any of the resemblances could be attributable to other French, versified fable books read by both Perrault and La Fontaine. Occasionally, this seems to be the case for the anonymous collection L’Esbatement moral des animaux (1578).Vakpublicati

Prise en compte de la reorganisation d'azote lors de l'estimation de l'azote de la biomasse microbienne avec la methode de fumigation au chloroforme

International audienceImmobilization of nitrogen was measured in three soils that had been amended with 15N-labelled NH4+ and fumigated with chloroform. After removal of the chloroform, each soil was then incubated for I4 days at 28°C. Little immobilization of labelled N occurred during incubation of unfumigated control soils. Immobilization was greater in fumigated soils, particularly during the first 7 days. However, even in fumigated soils, immobilization was relatively small. The gross flush of mineralization in fumigated soil was related to the net flush by the relationship: gross N-flush = 1.04-net N-Flush. In a supplementary experiment, four preparations of Aspergillus flavus mycelium of varying C/N ratio were added to one of the soils, which was amended with 15N-labelled NH4+ and then fumigated. The soil was incubated as before. The wider the C/N ratio of the mycelium. the more labelled K immobilized. Thus, for cell material of C/N ratio 5.8 the gross N-flush/net N-Rush ratio was 1.09. For cell material of C/N ratio 11.9, the ratio was 1.54. In another supplementary experiment, 15N-labelled A. flavus mycelium was added to soil, fumigated and then incubated in the presence of increasinrg quantities of unlabelled NH4+. The addition of unlabelled NH4+ increased the-amount of labelled NH4+ present in the soil, presumably as a result of pool substitution. The relationship N-biomass = N-flush/0.37 is proposed for calculating microbial biomass N in soils that have not recently received decomposable organic matter

Etude de la dénitrification dans différents sols cultivés. Effet des facteurs pédologiques, climatiques et culturaux

*INRA URD BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA URD BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (FRA)National audienc

Prise en compte de la reorganisation d'azote lors de l'estimation de l'azote de la biomasse microbienne avec la methode de fumigation au chloroforme

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