Case Report of Malignant Endometrial Polyps

The aims of this retrospective review were to determine the frequency of malignant endometrial polyps diagnosed with ambulatory hysteroscopy in the Obstetrics/Gynaecology Department of HDE, Lisbon, between January 2001 and December 2005 and to characterize these cases according to risk factors, sonographic and endoscopic findings tumoral histology, and tumor stage.We found seven cases of malignant endometrial polyps in a total of 1333 polyps initially diagnosed: an incidence rate of 0. 53%. These seven patients had a mean age of 68 years (55–82 years), and all were postmenopausal, with five having one risk factor each for endometrial cancer. Metrorrhagia was present in six of the seven patients(85.7%). Ultrasonography was abnormal in all seven patients, with a mean endometrial thickness of 26 mm(range: 12–44 mm). The hysteroscopy images suggested malignancy in all cases. All except one patient had a single polyp. The polyps had volumes between 1.5 and 3 cm; two were removed completely and five were biopsed. The histological subtype was: mixed endometrioid/serous papillary or clear cell (2), adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation (2), carcinosarcoma (2), and clear cell carcinoma (1). Malignancy inside polyps is rare, but diagnostic hysteroscopy with visual guided biopsies can identify these cases in the earlier stages. The risk factors are not different from those of other endometrial carcinomas, but the histological subtype seems to point to more aggressive cancers

The motion of two masses coupled to a massive spring

We discuss the classical motion of a spring of arbitrary mass coupled to two arbitrary massive blocks attached at its ends. A general approach to the problem is presented and some general results are obtained. Examples for which a simple elastic function can be inferred are discussed and the normal modes and normal frequencies obtained. An approximation procedure to the evaluation of the normel frequencies in the case of uniform elastic function and mass density is also discussed.Comment: Standard Latex file plus three eps figure

Time evolution towards q-Gaussian stationary states through unified Ito-Stratonovich stochastic equation

We consider a class of single-particle one-dimensional stochastic equations which include external field, additive and multiplicative noises. We use a parameter $\theta \in [0,1]$ which enables the unification of the traditional It\^o and Stratonovich approaches, now recovered respectively as the $\theta=0$ and $\theta=1/2$ particular cases to derive the associated Fokker-Planck equation (FPE). These FPE is a {\it linear} one, and its stationary state is given by a $q$-Gaussian distribution with $q = \frac{\tau + 2M (2 - \theta)}{\tau + 2M (1 - \theta)}<3$, where $\tau \ge 0$ characterizes the strength of the confining external field, and $M \ge 0$ is the (normalized) amplitude of the multiplicative noise. We also calculate the standard kurtosis $\kappa_1$ and the $q$-generalized kurtosis $\kappa_q$ (i.e., the standard kurtosis but using the escort distribution instead of the direct one). Through these two quantities we numerically follow the time evolution of the distributions. Finally, we exhibit how these quantities can be used as convenient calibrations for determining the index $q$ from numerical data obtained through experiments, observations or numerical computations.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Water Crisis In São Paulo Evaluated Under The Disaster's Point Of View

Brazil's Southeast region has been facing water supply challenges, especially concerning the metropolitan region of São Paulo, since 2014. We adressed the water crisis from the disaster's point of view, considering that one of the guiding features to characterize a disaster is the amount of affected people and the losses associated. In the situation under review, there are people directly affected, because of intermittent house water supply, and indirectly affected by the increase of prices for goods, since their production and manufacturing depend on the availability of water. We presented each of the stages of a disaster risk management: prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The risk of water scarcity in São Paulo is only one aspect of the discussion involving the effectiveness of management processes and the need for investments in the area, especially in reducing wasteful distribution.191214

Análise de tendências dos principais fatores determinantes dos processos hidrológicos na Rede AgroHidro.

Este projeto propõe analisar a evolução histórica, identifi car tendências em séries temporais e caracterizar o estado presente de fatores correlacionados aos processos hidrológicos em grandes bacias hidrográfi cas nacionais, em bacias representativas de ecorregiões e nas bacias a serem monitoradas e/ou modeladas pelo projeto, distribuídas nos diferentes biomas brasileiros. Sendo assim, a análise de tendências é o tema central deste Projeto Componente e permitirá correlacionar fatores e entender, com foco no setor agrícola, como tem sido a evolução na oferta e demanda de água ao longo dos anos e como o uso da terra e variáveis sócio-econômicas infl uenciam na disponibilidade e na qualidade da água. A análise de tendências permite entender o passado, caracterizar o cenário atual e como chegamos a ele e, fi nalmente, projetar cenários futuros plausíveis, além de determinar com que velocidade as alterações ocorrem. Os resultados esperados deste projeto, somados às projeções de cenários de mudanças climáticas globais ou regionais, terão forte impacto na análise da vulnerabilidade dos sistemas hidrológicos brasileiros e nas propostas de mitigação e adaptação às novas situações, certamente embasadas em tecnologias que promovam o uso eficiente da água, em termos de quantidade e qualidade, buscando garantir, de maneira sustentável, as demandas da sociedade e do setor agrícola brasileiro

Consecutive bilateral decompression retinopathy after mitomycin C trabeculectomy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: After a successful trabeculectomy, a sudden intraocular pressure decrease may alter the intracranial to intraocular pressure ratio and cause decompression retinopathy. Frequent Valsalva maneuvers may also play a role in its pathogenesis. This condition may manifest as multiple retinal hemorrhages, edema of the optic disc, macular edema, or a sudden decrease in visual acuity postoperatively. Outcomes for patients are usually good, with spontaneous resolution occurring within a matter of weeks. It has been rarely reported in the literature as a bilateral condition. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of consecutive bilateral decompression retinopathy in a 54-year-old severely obese Caucasian woman (body mass index 37 kg/m(2)) with open angle glaucoma and a poor history of medical therapeutic compliance, who chose surgical treatment based on her inability to consistently use ocular drops. Our patient underwent a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in both eyes, with surgeries taking place 3 months apart. After the first surgery, 2 weeks postoperatively, she complained of decreased visual acuity. Examination of her right eye fundus revealed multiple retinal hemorrhages and disc edema. There was a similar pattern in her left eye, this time including maculopathy. Her visual acuity and fundoscopic changes resolved spontaneously over a period of a month in both cases. Currently, our patient has well-controlled bilateral intraocular pressure, ranging between 14 and 16 mmHg, without hypotensive medication. CONCLUSIONS: Decompression retinopathy is a potential complication after glaucoma surgery, but has rarely been described as a bilateral consecutive condition. A comprehensive approach could help to anticipate its occurrence and manage it

Avaliação de cultivares e linhagens de mamoneira na Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de diferentes cultivares e linhagens de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L) cultivadas em condições de sequeiro da zona da mata pemambucana, um experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental da Empresa Pemambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária- IPA, município de Vitória de Santo Antão-PE (long.: 08°08'S, lat.: 35°22'W, altitude: 146m) com precipitação pluviométrica média anual de 1.834mm, concentrada no período de abril a julho, e temperatura média de 27,1 oC. O plantio foi feito em 10 de julho de 2005, ocorrendo a partir desta data uma precipitação pluviométrica correspondente a 273mm, concentrada nos meses de julho e agosto, até o final do primeiro ciclo produtivo da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com onze tratamentos: oito linhagens - CNPAM-2001-63, CNPAM-2001-16, CNPAM-2001-5, CNPAM-2001-9, CNPAM-2001-77, CNPAM-2001-51, CNPAM-2001-70, CNPAM-2001-2, e três cultivares -BRS- 149/Nordestina, BRS-188/Paraguaçu e SM-5/Pemambucana, com quatro repetições, em espaçamento de 3,00 m entre fileiras e 1,0 m na fileira, sendo cada parcela composta por 10 plantas na fileira, com uma planta por cova. Dez dias após o plantio da mamoneira, três linhas de feijão (Faseolus vugaris L.) foram plantadas entre suas fileiras. Para a mamoneira. procedeu-se uma adubação de fundação com superfosfato simples (110g/cova) e, aos 35 dias após, uma adubação em cobertura com sulfato amônio (30g/cova) e cloreto de potássio (15g/cova). Os resultados obtidos mostram que as linhagens/cultivares que mais produziram sementes foram: CNPAM 2001-16 (331Kglha), BRS-149/Nordestina (279Kglha), BRS- 188/Paraguaçu (276Kg/ha), CNPAM 2001-70 (276Kg/ha) e as menos produtivas foram CNPAM 2001-77 (217Kg/ha), CNPAM 2001-51 (168Kg/ha). A baixa altitude pode ter influenciado a produção de sementes que foi inferior àquela obtida em áreas com altitude superior a 300m. Embora tenha ocorrido uma precipitação pluviométrica expressiva durante o ano de 2005, as linhagens/cultivares apresentaram baixa produtividade de sementes. A produção do feijão não foi quantificada em virtude do severo ataque de doenças fúngicas e bacterianas que afetou a sobrevivência das plantas