Contribution de l’anthropologie sensorielle à l’étude du COVID-19

En réponse à la pandémie COVID-19, de nombreux gouvernements ont pris des mesures sans précédent pour éviter un engorgement des unités de réanimation. En raison du lourd impact sociétal et économique de ces initiatives, des indicateurs épidémiologiques précis de la propagation de la maladie sont essentiels aux autorités de santé publique. Dans le même temps, la perturbation des perceptions des odeurs et du goût ont été identifiés comme l’un des symptômes les plus spécifiques de la maladie COV..

Les Effets d'une irradiation g chronique à très faible débit de dose sur la souris

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude des effets d'une irradiation continue à très faible dose de rayonnements gamma sur la longévité et le système immunitaire de la souris SJL/J

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis of Salivary Gland Cytopathology Using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology and Ancillary Studies

The cytopathology of salivary glands presents major challenges due to the heterogeneity of benign and malignant neoplasms, which is reflected in the large range of WHO 2017 Classifications. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary gland tumours is still the favoured initial approach as it results in good sensitivity and specificity. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was published in 2018 and comprises seven categories. We report results from a 4-year retrospective analysis of 328 salivary gland FNAs which were reviewed and classified according to the MSRSGC. We assess the risk of neoplasm, the risk of malignancy and the contribution of ancillary studies to the diagnosis. Benign neoplasms were the most frequent diagnosis (44.2%). Malignant and suspicious for malignancy were identified in 11.3% and 4.9% of diagnosed cases, respectively. Histopathological analysis after surgery was available for 216 (65.8%) of the cases. All malignant cases were confirmed post-surgery, and 68.8% of suspicious for malignancy were confirmed as malignant tumours. Immunocytochemistry was informative in 72.3% of cases. Immunocytochemistry and FISH provided the definitive diagnosis in 23.7% and 33% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the MSRSGC is more effective when specific features of neoplasms can be identified. Ancillary studies help to further characterise salivary gland tumours and thereby increase the accuracy of MSRSGC

Impact of Regorafenib on Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells

Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumours with a poor prognosis despite heavy therapy that combines surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. The presence of a subpopulation of GBM stem cells (GSC) contributes to tumour aggressiveness, resistance and recurrence. Moreover, GBM are characterised by abnormal, abundant vascularisation. Previous studies have shown that GSC are directly involved in new vessel formation via their transdifferentiation into tumour-derived endothelial cells (TDEC) and that irradiation (IR) potentiates the pro-angiogenic capacity of TDEC via the Tie2 signalling pathway. We therefore investigated the impact of regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumourigenic activity, on GSC and TDEC obtained from irradiated GSC (TDEC IR+) or non-irradiated GSC (TDEC). Regorafenib significantly decreases GSC neurosphere formation in vitro and inhibits tumour formation in the orthotopic xenograft model. Regorafenib also inhibits transdifferentiation by decreasing CD31 expression, CD31+ cell count, pseudotube formation in vitro and the formation of functional blood vessels in vivo of TDEC and TDEC IR+. All of these results confirm that regorafenib clearly impacts GSC tumour formation and transdifferentiation and may therefore be a promising therapeutic option in combination with chemo/radiotherapy for the treatment of highly aggressive brain tumours

Neurotization of the superficial sensory branch of ulnar nerve by the distal posterior interosseous nerve: cadaveric feasibility study

International audienceBackground: In 2014, Delclaux et al described a case wherein the Battiston and Lanzetta's technique, modified by utilization of the posterior interosseus nerve (PIN), was used to perform double neurotization of the ulnar nerve (UN). This study evaluates the feasibility of transfer of proprioceptive fascicles of the PIN to the superficial sensory branch of the UN (SSBUN).Methods: The surgeries were performed on 16 fresh cadaveric wrist specimens. PIN transfer was performed through the interosseous membrane and sutured to the SSBUN. The diameter for each nerve, number of fascicles, and the percentage of fascicles without axons, under ×10, ×40, and ×100 magnifications were performed by two observers.Results: Neurotization of the SSBUN by the PIN was successful in all cases. The median diameter of the SSBUN and PIN was 3.5 (3–4) and 2.3 mm (1.6–3), respectively. The SSBUN contained 5.5 fascicles (4–7), while the PIN contained 2 fascicles (0–4). The 16 PIN had limited (10 cases) or no axonal reserve (6 cases). Conclusion: This study supports the surgical and anatomical feasibility of neurotization of the SSBUN by the PIN. However, the PIN's limited axonal reserve may partially or totally compromise recovery

Nonlinearity in MCF7 Cell Survival Following Exposure to Modulated 6 MV Radiation Fields: Focus on the Dose Gradient Zone

International audienceThe study of cell survival following exposure to nonuniform radiation fields is taking on particular interest because of the increasing evidence of a nonlinear relationship at low doses. We conducted in vitro experiments using the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. A 2.4 × 2.4 cm(2) square area of a T25 flask was irradiated by a Varian Novalis accelerator delivering 6 MV photons. Cell survival inside the irradiation field, in the dose gradient zone and in the peripheral zone, was determined using a clonogenic assay for different radiation doses at the isocenter. Increased cell survival was observed inside the irradiation area for doses of 2, 10, and 20 Gy when nonirradiated cells were present at the periphery, while the cells at the periphery showed decreased survival compared to controls. Increased survival was also observed at the edge of the dose gradient zone for cells receiving 0.02 to 0.01 Gy when compared with cells at the periphery of the same flask, whatever the isocenter dose. These data are the first to report cell survival in the dose gradient zone. Radiotherapists must be aware of this nonlinearity in dose response

Homo icarus : Evolution biologique de l'homme dans l'espace

International audienc