Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Major Risk Factor in Patients with Hypertension: Update and Practical Clinical Applications

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a maladaptive response to chronic pressure overload and an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation, diastolic heart failure, systolic heart failure, and sudden death in patients with hypertension. Since not all patients with hypertension develop left ventricular hypertrophy, there are clinical findings that should be kept in mind that may alert the physician to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy so a more definitive evaluation can be performed using an echocardiogram or cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Controlling arterial pressure, sodium restriction, and weight loss independently facilitate the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Choice of antihypertensive agents may be important when treating a patient with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers followed by calcium channel antagonists most rapidly facilitate the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. With the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic function and coronary flow reserve usually improve, and cardiovascular risk decreases

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Left ventricular hypertrophy is a maladaptive response to chronic pressure overload and an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation, diastolic heart failure, systolic heart failure, and sudden death in patients with hypertension. Since not all patients with hypertension develop left ventricular hypertrophy, there are clinical findings that should be kept in mind that may alert the physician to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy so a more definitive evaluation can be performed using an echocardiogram or cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Controlling arterial pressure, sodium restriction, and weight loss independently facilitate the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Choice of antihypertensive agents may be important when treating a patient with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers followed by calcium channel antagonists most rapidly facilitate the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. With the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic function and coronary flow reserve usually improve, and cardiovascular risk decreases

Giant Saphenous Vein Graft Pseudoaneurysm: Treatment with a Vascular Occlusion Device

We report the case of a 74-year old male who was evaluated for progressively enlarging right heart border on serial chest radiographs. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a pseudoaneurysm arising from the saphenous vein graft (SVG) to the posterior descending artery with mass effect on the right atrium. Coronary angiography showed severely compromised distal flow and an angiographically small territory at risk. Using a minimally invasive, catheter-based approach, an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II occlusion device was utilized successfully for embolizing the SVG pseudoaneurysm

Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from Philornis seguyi (García, 1952) and Philornis torquans (Nielsen, 1913) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Philornis Meinert, 1890 (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genus of Neotropical dipterans that parasitise birds. The currently used external morphological characters to distinguish between species within this genus present some limitations. We used the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) of the rRNA gene as a molecular marker to differentiate adult specimens of Philornis identified morphologically as Philornis torquans and Philornis seguyi from different localities. Specimens identified as P. seguyi from Magdalena (Buenos Aires Province) showed an ITS2 sequence different from that for P. torquans, whereas all other specimens of P. seguyi had sequences identical to those for P. torquans. These findings do not necessarily confirm that specimens from Magdalena indeed belong to P. seguyi, nor that P. seguyi is a valid species. Instead, they alert us about the potential for species misidentification when using morphological characters alone. The use of molecular approaches to aid the identification of Philornis spp. will shed light on the systematics of this group. P. torquans is reported for the first time in Mendoza Province and Uruguay.Fil: Monje, Lucas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Martin Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Manzoli, Darío Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Couri, Márcia S.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Silvestri, Leonardo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Venzal, Jose M.. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Veterinaria. Departamento de Parasitología Veterinaria; UruguayFil: Cuervo, Pablo. Universidad "Juan Agustin Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Beldomenico, Pablo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentin

Timeless standards for species delimitation

Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide insufficient information for properly diagnosing and documenting species of Diptera.Fil: Amorim, Dalton S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Santos, Charles Morphy D.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; BrasilFil: Krell, Frank Thorsten. Denver Museum of Nature & Science; Estados UnidosFil: Dubois, Alain. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Nihei, Silvio S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Otto M.P.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; BrasilFil: Pont, Adrian. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Song, Hojun. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Verdade, Vanessa K.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; BrasilFil: Fachin, Diego A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Klassa, Bruna. Universidade Federal Do Abc; BrasilFil: Lamas, Carlos José E.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Sarah S.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: De Carvalho, Claudio J. B.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Mello-Patiu, Cátia A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Hajdu, Eduardo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Couri, Márcia S.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Silva, Vera C.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Capellari, Renato S.. Federal Institute Of Triângulo Mineiro; BrasilFil: Falaschi, Rafaela L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Feitosa, Rodrigo M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Prendini, Lorenzo. American Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Pombal, José P.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Fernández, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rocha, Rosana M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Lattke, John E.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Caramaschi, Ulisses. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Duarte, Marcelo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Marques, Antonio Carlos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Reis, Roberto E.. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Kurina, Olavi. Estonian University Of Life Sciences; EstoniaFil: Takiya, Daniela M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Tavares, Marcos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Fernandes, Daniel Silva. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Franco, Francisco Luís. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; BrasilFil: Cuezzo, Fabiana del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Paulson, Dennis. University Of Puget Sound; Estados UnidosFil: Guénard, Benoit. The University Of Hong Kong; Hong KongFil: Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Arthofer, Wolfgang. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Steiner, Florian M.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Fisher, Brian L.. California Academy Of Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Johnson, Robert A.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Delsinne, Thibaut Dominique. Société d'Histoire Naturelle Alcide d'Orbigny; FranciaFil: Donoso, David A.. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Mulieri, Pablo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Patitucci, Luciano Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Carpenter, James M.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Herman, Lee. American Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Grimaldi, David. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unido