Relationship of Service Coordinators’ Family-Centered Service Delivery and Maternal Empowerment in Tennessee’s Early Intervention System

The purpose of the present study was to assess mothers’ perceptions of family- centered practices and how these practices influenced their feelings of empowerment. The review of literature included examining the basis for family-centered practices and the conceptualization of empowerment. Twelve studies that reported a relationship between family-centered practices and empowerment were reviewed in detail. The current study was conducted as a component of the Pathways to Family Empowerment Project, whose purpose is to evaluate service delivery and family empowerment of Tennessee’s Early Intervention System. The collected data were responses of 370 mothers to the Family-Centered Program Rating Scale (FamPRS) and the Family Empowerment Scale (FES). The relationship among the factors was examined using both correlational analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. Factor analyses produced two factors for each instrument, which were labeled Partnership Building Communication and Sensitive Service Delivery from the FamPRS and, from the FES, Personal Competence and System Competence. These factors were found to be significantly correlated to each other. SEM results indicated that the data fit a model in which family-centered practices used by service coordinators are significantly related to mothers’ empowerment outcomes. Mothers reported they were more empowered to seek services for themselves and their children with disabilities than they were for advocating for better services through the early intervention system. The results are discussed in light of findings of previous studies. In addition, explanations are discussed for the similar but more specific relationships found in this study between family-centered practices and empowerment. Finally, future directions for research and practice are presented

SUSY Unification with Smooth Threshold Behavior

Going beyond the theta function approximation we discuss supersymmetric unification of gauge couplings with exact decoupling of light and heavy particles at energy scales below their masses. We find that the Minimal SUSY model is strongly disfavored while the Missing Doublet Model survives with GUT scale masses rising into the $10^{18}$ GeV region.Comment: 12 pages, revtex, no figure