Simulation study of helicopter ship landing procedures incoporating measured flow data

The aim of this article is to investigate the use of inverse simulation to help identify those regions of a ship's flight deck which provide the safest locations for landing a rotorcraft in various atmospheric conditions. This requires appropriate information on the wind loading conditions around a ship deck and superstructure, and for the current work, these data were obtained from wind tunnel tests of a ship model representative of a typical helicopter carrier/assault ship. A series of wind tunnel tests were carried out on the model in the University of Glasgow's 2.65 × 2.04 m wind tunnel and three-axis measurements of wind speed were made at various locations on the ship deck. Measurements were made at four locations on the flight deck at three different heights. The choice of these locations was made on the basis of preliminary flow visualization tests which highlighted the areas where the most severe wind effects were most likely to occur. In addition, for the case where the wind was from 30 to starboard, measurements were made at three further locations to assess the extent of the wake of the superstructure. The generated wind profiles can then be imposed on the inverse simulation, allowing study of the vehicle and pilot response during a typical landing manoeuvre in these conditions. The power of the inverse simulation for this application is demonstrated by a series of simulations performed using configurational data representing two aircraft types, a Westland Lynx and a transport helicopter flying an approach and landing manoeuvre with the worst atmospheric conditions applied. It is shown from the results that attempting to land in the area aft of the superstructure in a 30° crosswind might lead to problems for the transport configuration due to upgusts in this area. Attempting to perform the landing manoeuvre in an aggressive manner is also shown to lead to diminished control margin in higher winds

Pregestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and its adverse effects

Background: In 1989 the Saint Vincent declaration set out to reduce the risk for pregnant women with diabetes to those without diabetes. A number of studies, since the declaration found that foetal and neonatal adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes remained increased. Literature for women with type 2 diabetes and maternal complications is limited. My aim is to assess whether women with type 1 and 2 diabetes remain at increased risk of pregnancy complications. / Methods: Using a primary care database; THIN, I investigated the prevalence of: pregestational diabetes in pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Finally, I examined the risk of pregnancy complications for women with diabetes in pregnancy compared to women without diabetes in pregnancy. / Results: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes pregnancy increased from 1.58 to 4.34 per 1,000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2012. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy steadily increased from 2.38 to 4.83 per 1,000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2008; then increased more rapidly until the end of the study period to 10.37 per 1,000 pregnancies in 2012. Women with type 1 diabetes remained at increased risk of caesarean section (RR 2.41 (2.13, 2.72)) and major congenital malformations (RR 2.29 (1.53, 4.85)) compared to women without diabetes after adjusting for maternal characteristics. Women with type 2 diabetes remained at increased risk of caesarean section (RR 1.58 (1.42, 1.75) and perinatal death (RR 2.72 (1.53, 4.85)) when compared to women without diabetes after adjusting for maternal characteristics. / Conclusion: Women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes remained at increased risk of experiencing pregnancy complications. There is still substantial work to be done to reduce the adverse outcomes experienced by women with diabetes in pregnancy and meet the recommendations set out in the Saint Vincent declaration nearly thirty years ago

An Examination of the Dynamic Stalling of Two Wing Planforms. G.U. Aero Report 9526

No abstract available

A Direct Viscid-Inviscid Interaction Scheme for the Prediction of 2-Dimensional Aerofoil Performance in Incompressible Flow. G.U. Aero Report 8701

Summary: This paper presents a method for assessing two-dimensional aerofoil performance characteristics including trailing edge and gross laminar separation. The model used is a direct viscid-inviscid interaction scheme based on a vortex panel method with boundary layer corrections and an inviscidly modelled wake. The Integral boundary layer methods adopted behave well in the region of separation and thus, good comparisons with measured separation characteristics are obtained. Generally the predictions of lift and pitching moment may be considered to be within the experimental error, but where this is not the case, the applicability of the modelling technique is discussed

A cohort study of trends in the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnancy recorded in UK general practice between 1995 and 2012

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of pregnant women with and without pregestational diabetes and to estimate the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women recorded in a UK primary care database. METHODS: The data source for this study is The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database. Pregnant women with and without diabetes aged 16 years and over were identified using diagnostic Read codes and prescriptions for antidiabetics from medical records. Data were examined on: age, body mass index (BMI), social deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and glycaemic control. The prevalence of pregestational diabetes was calculated by diabetes type and calendar year between 1995 and 2012. RESULTS: Data from 400 434 pregnancies suggests that women with pregestational diabetes were: older (median 29, 32 vs 29 years for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively), had higher BMI (median 25.0, 30.4 vs 23.9 k/m(2) for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively) and were registered with a general practice for longer than pregnant women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy increased from 1.56 to 4.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2015. For type 2 diabetes the increase was from 2.34 to 5.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2008 followed by a more rapid increase to 10.62 per 1000 pregnancies by 2012. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes were older, had higher BMI and were registered for longer than women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased in pregnancy. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rose more rapidly with a marked increase after 2008

Development of a European Aircraft Design Consortium in Higher Education. TEMPUS Joint European Project 11 79-90/1. Interim report for year 1990-1991. Departmental report no. 9222

Summary: Most of the effort to date has gone into establishing the executive structure which will direct and monitor the educational and technical programmes and the program of staff/student assignments between Czechoslovakia and the participating EEC Institutions. The activities are described in 8 main sections