1,315 research outputs found
Some impressions of a visit to parts of the South Island, June 1962
In June, 1962, at the invitation of the Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Institute of New Zealand, I inspected parts of the South Island (Appendix 1), to make comparisons between high mountain areas of Australia and tussock grassland and mountain areas of New Zealand (Appendix 2) and thereby gain a clearer understanding of New Zealand problems. The inspections were arranged and conducted by the Director of the Institute, Mr L. W. McCaskill, usually in conjunction with other workers, runholders and administrators concerned with high country problems. Despite the necessarily selective nature of the visit, both as regards places and people, a reasonable cross-section of country, problems and opinions was encountered which, with recollections of an earlier visit in 1951, permitted some impressions to be formed.
What is the solution to the deteriorated condition of New Zealand tussock grasslands and mountain lands, as manifest in many ways such as soil erosion, stream aggradation, flooding, weed and pest invasion, and declining stock-carrying capacity? Since there is a common denominator to most of these areas-tussock grassland-universal solution is sometimes expected. But the environment is so diverse, especially as regards topography, altitude and associated climate that no one solution can be possible and the illusion is best forgotten. There are many problems and each may require a separate solution.
There is little point is discussing the many day-to-day problems with which New Zealand workers are already fully familiar, such as the need for cheaper effective fencing, and feral animal and weed control. The basic question is the determination of correct land use and this is the issue which is considered here
When is a bottleneck a bottleneck?
Bottlenecks, i.e. local reductions of capacity, are one of the most relevant
scenarios of traffic systems. The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP)
with a defect is a minimal model for such a bottleneck scenario. One crucial
question is "What is the critical strength of the defect that is required to
create global effects, i.e. traffic jams localized at the defect position".
Intuitively one would expect that already an arbitrarily small bottleneck
strength leads to global effects in the system, e.g. a reduction of the maximal
current. Therefore it came as a surprise when, based on computer simulations,
it was claimed that the reaction of the system depends in non-continuous way on
the defect strength and weak defects do not have a global influence on the
system. Here we reconcile intuition and simulations by showing that indeed the
critical defect strength is zero. We discuss the implications for the analysis
of empirical and numerical data.Comment: 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of Traffic and Granular Flow
'1
Decay versus survival of a localized state subjected to harmonic forcing: exact results
We investigate the survival probability of a localized 1-d quantum particle
subjected to a time dependent potential of the form with
or . The particle is
initially in a bound state produced by the binding potential . We
prove that this probability goes to zero as for almost all values
of , , and . The decay is initially exponential followed by a
law if is not close to resonances and is small; otherwise
the exponential disappears and Fermi's golden rule fails. For exceptional sets
of parameters and the survival probability never decays to zero,
corresponding to the Floquet operator having a bound state. We show similar
behavior even in the absence of a binding potential: permitting a free particle
to be trapped by harmonically oscillating delta function potential
Zeros of the i.i.d. Gaussian power series: a conformally invariant determinantal process
Consider the zero set of the random power series f(z)=sum a_n z^n with i.i.d.
complex Gaussian coefficients a_n. We show that these zeros form a
determinantal process: more precisely, their joint intensity can be written as
a minor of the Bergman kernel. We show that the number of zeros of f in a disk
of radius r about the origin has the same distribution as the sum of
independent {0,1}-valued random variables X_k, where P(X_k=1)=r^{2k}. Moreover,
the set of absolute values of the zeros of f has the same distribution as the
set {U_k^{1/2k}} where the U_k are i.i.d. random variables uniform in [0,1].
The repulsion between zeros can be studied via a dynamic version where the
coefficients perform Brownian motion; we show that this dynamics is conformally
invariant.Comment: 37 pages, 2 figures, updated proof
On Eigenvalues of the sum of two random projections
We study the behavior of eigenvalues of matrix P_N + Q_N where P_N and Q_N
are two N -by-N random orthogonal projections. We relate the joint eigenvalue
distribution of this matrix to the Jacobi matrix ensemble and establish the
universal behavior of eigenvalues for large N. The limiting local behavior of
eigenvalues is governed by the sine kernel in the bulk and by either the Bessel
or the Airy kernel at the edge depending on parameters. We also study an
exceptional case when the local behavior of eigenvalues of P_N + Q_N is not
universal in the usual sense.Comment: 14 page
Finite N Fluctuation Formulas for Random Matrices
For the Gaussian and Laguerre random matrix ensembles, the probability
density function (p.d.f.) for the linear statistic
is computed exactly and shown to satisfy a central limit theorem as . For the circular random matrix ensemble the p.d.f.'s for the linear
statistics and are calculated exactly by using a constant term identity
from the theory of the Selberg integral, and are also shown to satisfy a
central limit theorem as .Comment: LaTeX 2.09, 11 pages + 3 eps figs (needs epsf.sty
Transition probabilities in the X(5) candidate Ba
To investigate the possible X(5) character of 122Ba, suggested by the ground
state band energy pattern, the lifetimes of the lowest yrast states of 122Ba
have been measured, via the Recoil Distance Doppler-Shift method. The relevant
levels have been populated by using the 108Cd(16O,2n)122Ba and the
112Sn(13C,3n)122Ba reactions. The B(E2) values deduced in the present work are
compared to the predictions of the X(5) model and to calculations performed in
the framework of the IBA-1 and IBA-2 models
Functional limit theorems for random regular graphs
Consider d uniformly random permutation matrices on n labels. Consider the
sum of these matrices along with their transposes. The total can be interpreted
as the adjacency matrix of a random regular graph of degree 2d on n vertices.
We consider limit theorems for various combinatorial and analytical properties
of this graph (or the matrix) as n grows to infinity, either when d is kept
fixed or grows slowly with n. In a suitable weak convergence framework, we
prove that the (finite but growing in length) sequences of the number of short
cycles and of cyclically non-backtracking walks converge to distributional
limits. We estimate the total variation distance from the limit using Stein's
method. As an application of these results we derive limits of linear
functionals of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix. A key step in this
latter derivation is an extension of the Kahn-Szemer\'edi argument for
estimating the second largest eigenvalue for all values of d and n.Comment: Added Remark 27. 39 pages. To appear in Probability Theory and
Related Field
Modal Series Expansions for Plane Gravitational Waves
[EN] Propagation of gravitational disturbances at the speed of light is one of the key predictions of the General Theory of Relativity. This result is now backed indirectly by the observations of the behavior of the ephemeris of binary pulsar systems. These new results have increased the interest in the mathematical theory of gravitational waves in the last decades, and severalmathematical approaches have been developed for a better understanding of the solutions. In this paper we develop a modal series expansion technique in which solutions can be built for plane waves from a seed integrable function. The convergence of these series is proven by the Raabe-Duhamel criteria, and we show that these solutions are characterized by a well-defined and finite curvature tensor and also a finite energy content.Acedo RodrĂguez, L. (2016). Modal Series Expansions for Plane Gravitational Waves. Gravitation and Cosmology. 22(3):251-257. doi:10.1134/S0202289316030026S251257223A. Einstein and N. Rosen, Journal of the Franklin Institute 223, 43â54 (1937).N. Rosen, Gen. Rel. Grav. 10, 351â364 (1979).C. Sivaram, Bull. Astr. Soc. India 23, 77â83 (1995).J. M. Weisberg, D. J. Nice, and J. H. Taylor, Astroph. J. 722, 1030â1034(2010); arXiv: 1011.0718.B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016).J. B. Griffiths, Colliding waves in general relativity (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991).S. Chandrasekhar, The mathematical theory of black holes (Clarendon, Oxford, 1983).D. Bini, V. Ferrari and J. Ibañez, Nuovo Cim. B 103, 29â44 (1989).L. Acedo, G. GonzĂĄlez-Parra, and A. J. Arenas, Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications 11, 1819â1825 (2010).L. Acedo, G. GonzĂĄlez-Parra, and A. J. Arenas, Physica A 389, 1151â1157 (2010).G. GonzĂĄlez-Parra, L. Acedo, and A. J. Arenas, Numerical Algorithms, published online 2013. doi 10.1007/s11075-013-9776-xW. Rindler, Relativity: Special, General and Cosmological, 2nd ed. (Oxford Univ., New York, 2006).G. Arfken, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd. ed. (Academic, Orlando, Florida, 1985).L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, The Classical Theory of Fields, 3rd ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1971).O. Costin, âTopological construction of transseries and introduction to generalized Borel summability,â in Analyzable Functions and Applications, Ed. by O. Costin, M. D. Kruskal, and A. Macintyre, Contemp. Math. 373 (Providence, RI, USA: Am. Math. Soc., 2005); arXiv: math/0608309.S. R. Coleman, Phys. Lett. B 70, 59â60 (1977).W. B. Campbell and T. A. Morgan, Phys. Lett. B 84, 87â88 (1979).A. S. Rabinowitch, Int. J. Adv. Math. Sciences 1 (3), 109â121 (2013).A. Feinstein and J. Ibañez, Phys. Rev. D 39 (2), 470â473 (1989)
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