853 research outputs found
Is Spiking Logic the Route to Memristor-Based Computers?
Memristors have been suggested as a novel route to neuromorphic computing
based on the similarity between neurons (synapses and ion pumps) and
memristors. The D.C. action of the memristor is a current spike, which we think
will be fruitful for building memristor computers. In this paper, we introduce
4 different logical assignations to implement sequential logic in the memristor
and introduce the physical rules, summation, `bounce-back', directionality and
`diminishing returns', elucidated from our investigations. We then demonstrate
how memristor sequential logic works by instantiating a NOT gate, an AND gate
and a Full Adder with a single memristor. The Full Adder makes use of the
memristor's memory to add three binary values together and outputs the value,
the carry digit and even the order they were input in.Comment: Conference paper. Work also reported in US patent: `Logic device and
method of performing a logical operation', patent application no. 14/089,191
(November 25, 2013
Reduction of Observable Robbery and Larceny-Theft in the Twelve Largest Cities in the United States from 1980 to 2009
The reduction in crime rates that occurred in large cities across the United States (US) over the course of the past two decades has been the subject of much speculation and research. However, there have been no definitive empirical studies that conclusively determine the causes for this phenomenon. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of certain factors to the reduction of crime in large US cities that occurred over the past two decades by examining data over a thirty-year period (1980-2009). The identification of contributing factors may allow government officials, both on a local and national level, to focus their efforts on the implementation of policies that, based on empirical study, are likely to reduce crime.
This study focuses on Observable Crime, which is operationalized as robberies and larcenies reported in the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Part II Offenses that were likely to be visible to the police. Those crimes likely to be visible police are determined to be all robberies that were not committed in residences and larcenies that were committed in public areas excluding stores. Law enforcement strategies that were examined in this study include Quality of Life (QOL) Enforcement and Police Presence, which is operationalized as arrests for drug offenses as reported in UCR Part II Arrests and Police Officers per 100,000 residents as reported in the UCR, respectively. The findings of this research supports the hypothesis that Quality of Life Enforcement significant in reducing crime in the twelve largest US cities from 1980-2009
Beyond Markov Chains, Towards Adaptive Memristor Network-based Music Generation
We undertook a study of the use of a memristor network for music generation,
making use of the memristor's memory to go beyond the Markov hypothesis. Seed
transition matrices are created and populated using memristor equations, and
which are shown to generate musical melodies and change in style over time as a
result of feedback into the transition matrix. The spiking properties of simple
memristor networks are demonstrated and discussed with reference to
applications of music making. The limitations of simulating composing memristor
networks in von Neumann hardware is discussed and a hardware solution based on
physical memristor properties is presented.Comment: 22 pages, 13 pages, conference pape
On computing in fine-grained compartmentalised Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium
We introduce results of computer experiments on information processing in a
hexagonal array of vesicles filled with Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solution in a
sub-excitable mode. We represent values of Boolean variables by excitation
wave-fragments and implement basic logical gates by colliding the
wave-fragments. We show that a vesicle filled with BZ mixture can implement a
range of basic logical functions. We cascade BZ-vesicle logical gates into
arithmetic circuits implementing addition of two one-bit binary numbers. We
envisage that our theoretical results will be applied in chemical laboratory
designs of massive-parallel computers based on fine-grained
compartmentalisation of excitable chemical systems
The Short-term Memory (D.C. Response) of the Memristor Demonstrates the Causes of the Memristor Frequency Effect
A memristor is often identified by showing its distinctive pinched hysteresis
curve and testing for the effect of frequency. The hysteresis size should
relate to frequency and shrink to zero as the frequency approaches infinity.
Although mathematically understood, the material causes for this are not well
known. The d.c. response of the memristor is a decaying curve with its own
timescale. We show via mathematical reasoning that this decaying curve when
transformed to a.c. leads to the frequency effect by considering a descretized
curve. We then demonstrate the validity of this approach with experimental data
from two different types of memristors.Comment: Conference paper, to appear in CASFEST 2014 June, Melbourn
Vesicle computers: Approximating Voronoi diagram on Voronoi automata
Irregular arrangements of vesicles filled with excitable and precipitating
chemical systems are imitated by Voronoi automata --- finite-state machines
defined on a planar Voronoi diagram. Every Voronoi cell takes four states:
resting, excited, refractory and precipitate. A resting cell excites if it has
at least one excited neighbour; the cell precipitates if a ratio of excited
cells in its neighbourhood to its number of neighbours exceed certain
threshold. To approximate a Voronoi diagram on Voronoi automata we project a
planar set onto automaton lattice, thus cells corresponding to data-points are
excited. Excitation waves propagate across the Voronoi automaton, interact with
each other and form precipitate in result of the interaction. Configuration of
precipitate represents edges of approximated Voronoi diagram. We discover
relation between quality of Voronoi diagram approximation and precipitation
threshold, and demonstrate feasibility of our model in approximation Voronoi
diagram of arbitrary-shaped objects and a skeleton of a planar shape.Comment: Chaos, Solitons & Fractals (2011), in pres
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