Chronic hypoxia aggravates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: a rodent relevant model to the human severe form of the disease

International audienc

La fratrie comme nouvelle unité stable? Vers une évolution des pratiques en contexte de placement.

peer reviewedEn lien à l’importante évolution des structures familiales, le lien fraternel est à considérer sous un jour nouveau, s’offrant comme une nouvelle unité stable potentielle. Cette évolution majeure devrait inciter les thérapeutes, intervenants et législateurs à modifier leurs pratiques. Dans le contexte spécifique du placement en institution, en famille d’accueil ou dans le contexte de l’adoption, le lien de fratrie a été abordé majoritairement au sein d’articles accessibles en langue anglaise. Le manque de traduction de ces études et synthèses cliniques en français n’est pas sans incidence sur les pratiques et politiques publiques en matière de placement des fratries en pays francophones. Un premier objectif de cet article est de faire une synthèse de la littérature. Un deuxième objectif est de situer le cadre légal et protectionnel actuel en matière de droit de la fratrie. Un troisième objectif est d’aborder la clinique de terrain à travers des vignettes, afin d’illustrer les ressources du travail du lien fraternel en situation de placement conjoint. Enfin, nous conclurons avec des perspectives en matière de droit et de formation clinique d’équipes au travail avec les fratries.Related to significant changes in family structures, the sibling bond is to be considered in a new light, offering himself as a potential new stable unit. This major development should encourage therapists, social workers and legislators to change their practices. In the specific context of placement in institution or foster care as well as in the context of adoption, the topic was discussed essentially in articles available in English. The lack of translation of these studies and clinical summaries has an impact on practices and public policies regarding placement in French-speaking countries. A first objective of our article is to summarize some major contributions related to the sibling bond and the context of placement. A second goal is to outline the legal framework regarding siblings. A third objective is to address work on the ground through vignettes, to illustrate the resources of the sibling bond in joint placement. Finally, we will conclude with perspectives in terms of law and clinical training of teams working with siblings

Uncovering obsessive-compulsive disorder risk genes in a pediatric cohort by high-resolution analysis of copy number variation

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric condition, thought to have a significant genetic component. When onset occurs in childhood, affected individuals generally exhibit different characteristics from adult-onset OCD, including higher prevalence in males and increased heritability. Since neuropsychiatric conditions are associated with copy number variations (CNVs), we considered their potential role in the etiology of OCD. Methods We genotyped 307 unrelated pediatric probands with idiopathic OCD (including 174 that were part of complete parent-child trios) and compared their genotypes with those of 3861 population controls, to identify rare CNVs (<0.5 % frequency) of at least 15 kb in size that might contribute to OCD. Results We uncovered de novo CNVs in 4/174 probands (2.3 %). Our case cohort was enriched for CNVs in genes that encode targets of the fragile X mental retardation protein (nominal p = 1.85 × 10−03; FDR=0.09), similar to previous findings in autism and schizophrenia. These results also identified deletions or duplications of exons in genes involved in neuronal migration (ASTN2), synapse formation (NLGN1 and PTPRD), and postsynaptic scaffolding (DLGAP1 and DLGAP2), which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of OCD. Four cases had CNVs involving known genomic disorder loci (1q21.1-21.2, 15q11.2-q13.1, 16p13.11, and 17p12). Further, we identified BTBD9 as a candidate gene for OCD. We also sequenced exomes of ten “CNV positive” trios and identified in one an additional plausibly relevant mutation: a 13 bp exonic deletion in DRD4. Conclusions Our findings suggest that rare CNVs may contribute to the etiology of OCD.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134675/1/11689_2016_Article_9170.pd

Quality of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectra in Routine Diagnostics: Results from an International External Quality Assessment including 36 Laboratories from 12 countries using 47 challenging bacterial strains.

OBJECTIVE MALDI-TOF MS is a widely used method for bacterial species identification. Incomplete databases and mass spectral quality (MSQ) still represent major challenges. Important proxies for MSQ are: number of detected marker masses, reproducibility, and measurement precision. We aimed to assess MSQs across diagnostic laboratories and the potential of simple workflow adaptations to improve it. METHODS For baseline MSQ assessment, 47 diverse bacterial strains which are challenging to identify by MALDI-TOF MS, were routinely measured in 36 laboratories from 12 countries, and well defined MSQ features were used. After an intervention consisting of detailed reported feedback and instructions on how to acquire MALDI-TOF mass spectra, measurements were repeated and MSQs were compared. RESULTS At baseline, we observed heterogeneous MSQ between the devices, considering the median number of marker masses detected (range = [5, 25]), reproducibility between technical replicates (range = [55%, 86%]), and measurement error (range = [147 parts per million (ppm), 588ppm]). As a general trend, the spectral quality was improved after the intervention for devices which yielded low MSQs in the baseline assessment: for 4/5 devices with a high measurement error, the measurement precision was improved (p-values<0.001, paired Wilcoxon test); for 6/10 devices, which detected a low number of marker masses, the number of detected marker masses increased (p-values<0.001, paired Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSION We have identified simple workflow adaptations, which, to some extent, improve MSQ of poorly performing devices and should be considered by laboratories yielding a low MSQ. Improving MALDI-TOF MSQ in routine diagnostics is essential for increasing the resolution of bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF MS, which is dependent on the reproducible detection of marker masses. The heterogeneity identified in this EQA requires further study

Le Conseil français du culte musulman à l'épreuve du temps

Le Conseil français du culte musulman (CFCM) vient d'entrer dans son deuxième mandat, avec l'élection de ses représentants pour la période 2005-2008, en juin dernier. Dalil Boubakeur, recteur de la mosquée de Paris, a été reconduit comme président. Créé en grandes pompes, le CFCM repose pourtant sur des piliers fragiles. Les querelles intestines et les luttes d'influence ébranlent régulièrement l'institution. Celle-ci pose, en outre, un certain nombre de problèmes à la République française. Retour sur une faillite annoncée.Sfeir Antoine, Coste Julie. Le Conseil français du culte musulman à l'épreuve du temps. In: Hommes et Migrations, n°1259, Janvier-février 2006. Laïcité : les 100 ans d’une idée neuve. II. Culture(s), religion(s) et politique. pp. 44-54

Le rôle du pharmacien, dans le conseil aux voyageurs avant le départ en Asie du Sud-Est (cas particulier : la dengue un nouveau fléau mondial)

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Discussing alcohol use with the GP: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Despite most GPs recognising their role in the early diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD), only 23% of GPs routinely screen for alcohol use. One reason GPs report for not screening is their relationship with patients; questions regarding alcohol use are considered a disturbance of a relationship built on mutual trust. AIM: To analyse the feelings and experiences of patients with AUD concerning early screening for alcohol use by GPs. DESIGN & SETTING: A qualitative study of patients ( = 12) with AUD in remission or treatment, recruited from various medical settings. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audiorecorded, and transcribed verbatim. The authors conducted an inductive analysis based on grounded theory. The analysis was performed until theoretical data saturation was reached. RESULTS: The participants experienced AUD as a chronic, destructive, and shameful disease. The participants expected their GPs to play a primary role in addressing AUD by kind listening, and providing information and support. If the GPs expressed a non-judgmental attitude, the participants could confide in them; this moment was identified as a key milestone in their trajectory, allowing relief and a move toward treatment. The participants thought that any consultation could be an opportunity to discuss alcohol use and noted that such discussions required a psychological and benevolent approach. CONCLUSION: The participants felt fear or denial from the GPs, even though they felt that discussing alcohol use is part of the GP's job. The participants requested that GPs adopt non-judgmental attitudes and kindness when approaching the subject of alcohol use

Gravitational Experimental Platform for Animal Models, a New Platform at ESA’s Terrestrial Facilities to Study the Effects of Micro- and Hypergravity on Aquatic and Rodent Animal Models

Using rotors to expose animals to different levels of hypergravity is an efficient means of understanding how altered gravity affects physiological functions, interactions between physiological systems and animal development. Furthermore, rotors can be used to prepare space experiments, e.g., conducting hypergravity experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of a study before its implementation and to complement inflight experiments by comparing the effects of micro- and hypergravity. In this paper, we present a new platform called the Gravitational Experimental Platform for Animal Models (GEPAM), which has been part of European Space Agency (ESA)’s portfolio of ground-based facilities since 2020, to study the effects of altered gravity on aquatic animal models (amphibian embryos/tadpoles) and mice. This platform comprises rotors for hypergravity exposure (three aquatic rotors and one rodent rotor) and models to simulate microgravity (cages for mouse hindlimb unloading and a random positioning machine (RPM)). Four species of amphibians can be used at present. All murine strains can be used and are maintained in a specific pathogen-free area. This platform is surrounded by numerous facilities for sample preparation and analysis using state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, we illustrate how GEPAM can contribute to the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms and the identification of countermeasures