6,581 research outputs found
Capital mobility and global factor shocks
© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reservedThis paper focuses on the effects of global factors on the saving–investment relationship. We prove that, if
investments and savings are affected by idiosyncratic and global components, they must be cointegrated to obtain reliable estimates of the saving-retention coefficient. When global shocks are taken into account throughcommonfactors,wefind that the estimated saving-retention coefficient is close to zero for a panel of 21 OECD countrie
Chandra imaging of the kpc extended outflow in 1H 0419-577
The Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0419-577 hosts a kpc extended outflow that is
evident in the [\ion{O}{iii}] image and that is also detected as a warm
absorber in the UV/X-ray spectrum. Here, we analyze a 30 ks Chandra-ACIS
X-ray image, with the aim of resolving the diffuse extranuclear X-ray emission
and of investigating its relationship with the galactic outflow. Thanks to its
sub-arcsecond spatial resolution, Chandra resolves the circumnuclear X-ray
emission, which extends up to a projected distance of at least 16 kpc
from the center. The morphology of the diffuse X-ray emission is spherically
symmetrical. We could not recover a morphological resemblance between the soft
X-ray emission and the ionization bicone that is traced by the [\ion{O}{iii}]
outflow. we argue that the photoionized gas nebula must be distributed mostly
along the polar directions, outside our line of sight. In this geometry, the
X-ray/UV warm absorber must trace a different gas component, physically
disconnected from the emitting gas, and located closer to the equatorial plane.Comment: accepted for publications A&
Feedback-controlled transport in an interacting colloidal system
Based on dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) we consider a
non-equilibrium system of interacting colloidal particles driven by a constant
tilting force through a periodic, symmetric "washboard" potential. We
demonstrate that, despite of pronounced spatio-temporal correlations, the
particle current can be reversed by adding suitable feedback control terms to
the DDFT equation of motion. We explore two distinct control protocols with
time delay, focussing on either the particle positions or the density profile.
Our study shows that the DDFT is an appropriate framework to implement
time-delayed feedback control strategies widely used in other fields of
nonlinear physicsComment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Accuracy of three electronic apex locators in anterior and posterior teeth: an ex-vivo study.
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine in
anterior teeth, bicuspids, and molars (1) the accuracy of
3 different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting
the apical foramen and (2) the accuracy of digital radiography
in determining the working length (WL),
compared with visible control under a microscope.
Methods: By using radiovideography (RVG), we
measured the lengths of 120 root canals with 3 different
EALs (Endex, ProPex II, and Root ZX) and compared
them with the actual lengths. The accuracy of EALs
and RVG was related to each dental category. An
endodontic training kit (Pro-Train) was used during
experimental procedures. Results: Statistical analysis
showed that the 3 EALs and RVG were less accurate
in anterior teeth and molars than in bicuspids. The
paired-sample t test showed no statistically significant
difference between mesiodistal plane and buccolingual
plane digital radiography in all groups. Conclusions:
The 3 EALs tested were more accurate in detecting the
apical foramen in bicuspids than in both molars and
anterior teeth. Radiographic measurements were not
reliable for determining WL in all dental groups in
both radiographic planes. (J Endod 2011;37:684–687
Archaeobotany and ancient DNA analysis in mummified grape (Vitis vinifera) berries and seeds from Shahr-i Sokhta, Sistan Baluchistan
Towards Marker-Assisted Breeding for Black Rot Bunch Resistance: Identification of a Major QTL in the Grapevine Cultivar 'Merzling'
Black rot (BR), caused by Guignardia bidwellii, is an emergent fungal disease threatening viticulture and affecting several mildew-tolerant varieties. However, its genetic bases are not fully dissected yet. For this purpose, a segregating population derived from the cross 'Merzling' (hybrid, resistant) × 'Teroldego' (V. vinifera, susceptible) was evaluated for BR resistance at the shoot and bunch level. The progeny was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20K SNPchip, and 7175 SNPs were combined with 194 SSRs to generate a high-density linkage map of 1677 cM. The QTL analysis based on shoot trials confirmed the previously identified Resistance to Guignardia bidwellii (Rgb)1 locus on chromosome 14, which explained up to 29.2% of the phenotypic variance, reducing the genomic interval from 2.4 to 0.7 Mb. Upstream of Rgb1, this study revealed a new QTL explaining up to 79.9% of the variance for bunch resistance, designated Rgb3. The physical region encompassing the two QTLs does not underlie annotated resistance (R)-genes. The Rgb1 locus resulted enriched in genes belonging to phloem dynamics and mitochondrial proton transfer, while Rgb3 presented a cluster of pathogenesis-related Germin-like protein genes, promoters of the programmed cell death. These outcomes suggest a strong involvement of mitochondrial oxidative burst and phloem occlusion in BR resistance mechanisms and provide new molecular tools for grapevine marker-assisted breeding
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