Two rare cases of oral metastasis arising from lung adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma

Metastasis to the oral cavity are rare, representing only 1% of all oral malignancies, and originate from various sites such as the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Clinically, they can simulate reactive and inflammatory lesions common in the oral cavity, and the clinical and microscopic diagnosis of these metastasis is a challenge. In this article, we report two new cases of esophageal and lung metastasis to oral tissues, highlighting their clinical characteristics and the process of diagnostic elucidation. We emphasize the importance for clinicians to consider the possibility of metastatic lesions in the oral cavity in patients previously diagnosed with malignant lesions in distant tissues and organs

Association Between Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment in Adults: A Systematic Review

Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease and may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Based on the contribution of periodontitis to systemic inflammation and the potential role of systemic inflammation in neuroinflammation, many epidemiological studies have investigated a possible association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical/epidemiological evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline in adult patients. A search conducted between September and October 2018 was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, with no publication date or language restrictions. Analytical observational studies in adults (P—Participants), with (E—Exposure) and without periodontitis (C—Comparison) were included in order to determine the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline (O—Outcome). The search identified 509 references, of which eight observational studies were accorded with the eligibility criteria and evaluated. The results should, however, be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of studies. This systematic review points to the need for further well-designed studies, such as longitudinal observational studies with control of modifiable variables, as diagnostic criteria and time since diagnosis of periodontitis and cognitive impairment, to confirm the proposed association

Physical Activity Reduces the Prevalence of Periodontal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Regular physical activity boosts several physical capacities and reduces many inflammatory markers of several diseases. In this sense, periodontal disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of tooth supporting tissues that has been claimed to trigger processes of systemic alterations. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of physical activity on periodontal disease.Methods: Observational studies published until August 2018 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar) after developing a PECO statement that focused on the comparison between adults that followed a routine of exercises or presented a sedentary lifestyle and its effects on periodontal disease. Searching and data extraction were conducted by following PRISMA guidelines. Registration protocol: CRD42016049661. Quality assessment and risk of bias were analyzed by following Fowkes and Fulton protocol.Results: A total of 512 references were retrieved, while only seven were considered eligible. Two meta-analysis involving the prevalence of periodontal disease and unadjusted/adjusted Odds ratio were performed. One of studies did not find association between clinical periodontal parameters and physical activity. Six articles suggested an association between periodontal disease and regular practice of physical activity since a reduction of periodontal prevalence was observed. Moderate level of evidence was demonstrated on GRADE analysis.Conclusion: Physical activity was associated as a potential tool for reduction of periodontal disease prevalence. The frequency of physical activity is directly related to a low occurrence of periodontitis. However, it is important that further investigations evaluate the effects of other exercise variables, such as volume and intensity, on the periodontal disease prevalence

Immunolocalization, methylation, and polymorphism of ERCC1 gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: correlation with clinical parameters, locoregional control and survival

INTRODUÇÃO: O valor prognóstico dos marcadores biológicos tumorais relacionados ao câncer tem sido vastamente pesquisado. O gene de reparo ERCC1 (Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1) está envolvido na resistência individual à cisplatina. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o valor prognóstico do polimorfismo G19007A de ERCC1, da metilação desse gene, e da expressão imunoistoquímica de sua proteína em pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço (CECP) submetidos à radioterapia. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo envolvendo a análise de dados de 84 pacientes portadores de CECP, operados e submetidos à radioterapia adjuvante. Foram elegíveis pacientes com tumores de cavidade oral, orofaringe, hipofaringe ou laringe, que não apresentavam metástases à distância ou sinais de recidiva da doença e que não foram submetidos à quimioterapia. O polimorfismo do gene ERCC1 (G19007A) foi avaliado pela técnica de PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase) a partir do DNA genômico extraído de tecido tumoral desses pacientes. A metilação do gene ERCC1 foi realizada por MSP-PCR (Methylation-specific PCR), com primers específicos para presença ou ausência de metilação do ERCC1. A expressão da proteína ERCC1 foi avaliada por técnica de imunoistoquímica. Foi utilizado um corte de 30% de células marcadas para classificação em baixa e alta expressão. RESULTADOS: 84 pacientes com idade mediana de 60 anos, numa proporção homem/mulher de 5:1 e 75 (89,5%) em estádios III ou IV. O genótipo GG ocorreu em 17 (20,2%) dos pacientes, o genótipo GA foi observado em 24 (28,6%), e o genótipo AA em 43 (51,2%) dos casos. A variante A para o gene ERCC1 foi observada em 79,8% das amostras, 43 (51,2%) pacientes apresentaram status metilado do ERCC1 e 70 (83,3%) pacientes apresentaram alta expressão imunoistoquímica da proteína ERCC1.Observou-se uma tendência de associação entre o polimorfismo de ERCC1 e a idade dos pacientes (p = 0,059). O status metilado do gene ERCC1 foi superior nas amostras de CECP de pacientes que não apresentaram metástases à distância (OR = 6,67; IC: 1,4033,33; p = 0,019). Pacientes com mais de 45 anos apresentaram uma maior prevalência de amostras de CECP com alta expressão imunoistoquímica (OR = 4,86; IC95%:1,219,7; p = 0,027), assim como pacientes com TNM avançado (OR = 5,04; IC95%:1,0723,7; p = 0,041). A sobrevida global mediana foi de 30 meses. Os pacientes com alta expressão de ERCC1 apresentaram sobrevida predominantemente inferior (p = 0,089). A análise multivariada demonstrou associação significante da sobrevida com as variáveis T (OR = 2,87; IC95%: 1,38 5,97; p = 0,005), N (OR = 1,84; IC95%: 1,013,31; p = 0,044) e M (OR = 3,39; IC95%: 1,647,00; p=0,001), mas não com o grupo de indivíduos não-metilados, que apresentou uma sobrevida global predominantemente superior (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 0,952,89; p = 0,073). CONCLUSÂO: A metilação e alta expressão de ERCC1 foram associadas à pior sobrevida, sem, no entanto, alcançar significância estatística. Indivíduos com mais de 45 anos apresentaram maior prevalência da variante alélica A no genótipo de ERCC1. O status metilado foi mais frequente em pacientes que não desenvolveram metástases à distância, assim como em indivíduos com doença avançada (III/IV). Houve associação entre a expressão de ERCC1 e o estadiamento da doença, revelando uma maior expressão de ERCC1 em pacientes com TNM avançado. Foram identificados como fatores independentes correlacionados à sobrevida, o T, N e M individualmenteINTRODUCTION: The prognostic value of tumor biomarkers related to cancer has been extensively studied. The repair gene ERCC1 (Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1) is involved in individual resistance to cisplatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ERCC1 G19007A polymorphism, methylation, and immunohistochemical expression of its protein in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) submitted to radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving data analysis of 84 patients with HNSCC, who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with oral cavity, oropharynx, hipopharynx and laryngeal tumors with no distant metastases or signs of disease recurrence and who did not receive chemotherapy were considered eligible for the study. The ERCC1 gene polymorphism (G19007A) was assessed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from genomic DNA extracted from the tumor tissue of these patients. Methylation of ERCC1 gene was performed by PCR-MSP (Methylation-specific PCR) using specific primers for the presence or absence of methylation of ERCC1. ERCC1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A cut-off of 30% of stained cells for the classification of low and high protein expression was used. RESULTS: 84 patients with median age of 60 years, a male/female ratio of 5:1 and 75 (89,5%) in stages III or IV. The GG genotype occurred in 17 (20.2%) patients, the GA genotype was observed in 24 (28.6%), and the AA genotype in 43 (51.2%) cases. The A variant of the ERCC1 gene was observed in 79.8% of the samples, methylated status in 43 (51.2%) patients, and 70 (83.3%) showed high immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein. There was a trend for association between polymorphism of ERCC1 and patient age (p = 0.059). The methylated status of the ERCC1 gene was higher in samples of HNSCC patients who did not present distant metastasis (OR = 6.67, CI: 1.40-33.33, p = xviii 0.019). Patients with more than 45 years presented a higher prevalence of HNSCC samples with high immunohistochemical expression (OR = 4.86, 95% CI 1.2-19.7, p = 0.027), as did patients with advanced TNM (OR = 5.04, 95% CI 1.07-23.7, p = 0.041). The median overall survival was 30 months. Survival was predominantly lower in patients with high expression of ERCC1 (p = 0.089). Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant association of survival with the variables T (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.38-5.97, p = 0.005), N (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1:01-3:31, p = 0.044) and M (OR = 3.39 95% CI: 1.64-7.00, p = 0.001), but not with the group of non-methylated individuals who presented a predominantly higher overall survival (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 0.95-2.89, p = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS: Methylation and high expression of ERCC1 were associated with a lower survival, not reaching, however, statistical significance. Patients with more than 45 years had a higher prevalence of the A variant in the genotype of ERCC1. Methylated status was more frequent in patients who did not evolve with distant metastases, as well as individuals with advanced disease (III/IV). There was an association between the expression of ERCC1 and clinical staging, revealing a higher expression of ERCC1 in patients with advanced TNM. T, N and M individually were identified as independent factors correlated with surviva

DNA repair gene excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of methylation and polymorphism (G19007A), protein expression and association with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors

Aims: To evaluate the associations of excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) (DNA repair protein) (G19007A) polymorphism, methylation and immunohistochemical expression with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors and with overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Methods and results: The study group comprised 84 patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. The allele A genotype variant was observed in 79.8% of the samples, GG in 20.2%, GA in 28.6% and AA in 51.2%. Individuals aged more than 45 years had a higher prevalence of the allelic A variant and a high (83.3%) immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-19.7, P = 0.027], which was also high in patients with advanced stage (OR= 5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). Methylated status was found in 51.2% of the samples, and was higher in patients who did not present distant metastasis (OR = 6.67, 95% CI: 1.40-33.33, P = 0.019) and in patients with advanced stage (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). At 2 and 5 years, overall survival was 55% and 36%, respectively (median = 30 months). Conclusion: Our findings may reflect a high rate of DNA repair due to frequent tissue injury during the lifetime of these individuals, and also more advanced disease presentation in this population with worse prognosis