Emprego de cloreto de clorocolina (CCC) em quatro cultivares de trigo

Field experiments were employed investigate the effect of three nitrogen levels (60, 90 and 120 kg/ha of N) in combination with four chlorocholin chloride (CCC) levels (0, 2, 3 and 4 kg/ha of active ingredient) in four different wheat cultivars (IAS 54, IAS 20-Iassul, IAS 50-Alvorada and Toropi). The chlorocholin chloride reduced the wheat plant hight, causing stem thickness and inter-node shortness. These effects resulted in a higher resistance to lodging, when higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer were used. The cultivars tested did not increase yields when levels of nitrogen higher than 60 kg/ha were applied. The application of chlorocholin chloride increased the wheat yields of the cultivars studied significantly.Testou-se, em condições de campo, em Pelotas, RS, o emprego de três níveis de nitrogênio 60, 90 e 120 kg/ha), combinados com quatro doses de cloreto de clorocolina (0, 2, 3 e 4 kg/ha de ingrediente ativo), em quatro cultivares de trigo (IAS 54, IAS-20- IASSUL, IAS 50-Alvorada e Toropi). O cloreto de clorocolina (CCC) reduziu a altura das plantas de trigo, tornou os colmos mais grossos e os entrenós mais curtos. Conferiu às plantas maior resistência ao acamamento, quando empregados níveis de nitrogênio elevados. As cultivares testadas não responderam a adubações acima de 60 kg/ha de nitrogênio. O cloreto de clorocolina possibilitou o aumento significativo das produções de grãos

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Using Association Rules to Obtain Sets of Prevalent Symptoms throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Similarities between Cases of COVID-19 and Unspecified SARS in São Paulo-Brazil

The efficient recognition of symptoms in viral infections holds promise for swift and precise diagnosis, thus mitigating health implications and the potential recurrence of infections. COVID-19 presents unique challenges due to various factors influencing diagnosis, especially regarding disease symptoms that closely resemble those of other viral diseases, including other strains of SARS, thus impacting the identification of useful and meaningful symptom patterns as they emerge in infections. Therefore, this study proposes an association rule mining approach, utilising the Apriori algorithm to analyse the similarities between individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and those with unspecified SARS diagnosis. The objective is to investigate, through symptom rules, the presence of COVID-19 patterns among individuals initially not diagnosed with the disease. Experiments were conducted using cases from Brazilian SARS datasets for São Paulo State. Initially, reporting percentage similarities of symptoms in both groups were analysed. Subsequently, the top ten rules from each group were compared. Finally, a search for the top five most frequently occurring positive rules among the unspecified ones, and vice versa, was conducted to identify identical rules, with a particular focus on the presence of positive rules among the rules of individuals initially diagnosed with unspecified SARS

Factors associated with subendocardial ischemia risk in patients on hemodialysis

Abstract Introduction: Bone metabolism disorder (BMD) and vascular dysfunction contribute to excess cardiovascular mortality observed in hemodialysis patients. Vascular dysfunction, a new marker of atherosclerosis, can play a role in this risk. Even though associated with higher mortality in the general population, such vascular evaluation in patients on hemodialysis has not been extensively studied. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, hemodialysis patients were submitted to flow-mediated dilation, subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) and ejection duration index assessment, in order to estimate the impact of BMD markers on vascular dysfunction. Results: A matched cohort of patients with (n = 16) and without (n = 11) severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) was studied. Additionally, time spent under severe SHPT was also evaluated. Patients with severe SHPT had lower SEVR and higher ejection duration index, indicating higher cardiovascular risk. Lower SEVR was also associated to diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.435, p = 0.049), serum 25-Vitamin-D levels (r = 0.479, p = 0.028) and to more time spent under severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), defined as time from PTH > 500pg/ml until parathyroidectomy surgery or end of the study (r = -0.642, p = 0.027). In stepwise multiple regression analysis between SEVR and independent variables, lower SEVR was independently associated to lower serum 25-Vitamin-D levels (p = 0.005), female sex (p = 0.012) and more time spent under severe SHPT (p = 0.001) in a model adjusted for age, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure (adjusted r² = 0.545, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Subendocardial perfusion was lower in patients with BMD, reflecting higher cardiovascular risk in this population. Whether early parathyroidectomy in the course of kidney disease could modify such results still deserves further investigation