IgA and IgG antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated health workers by a homemade ELISA diagnostic test

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has accelerated vaccine development and testing, an important step in its eradication. Health workers were included among the first subjects to be vaccinated, therefore it was necessary to check their immunological status after the first and second dose of vaccine. Serum samples belonging to 24 health workers undergoing vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) were analysed: for 2 of them it was also possible to obtain a serum sample prior to the first dose of vaccine (zero time); antibody dosing was performed in 18 out of 24 after the first and second vaccination dose; in the remaining 6 healthcare workers a serum sample was obtained only after the second dose. In each serum sample, IgA and IgG antibodies to "Spike Receptor Binding Domain" (RBD) and "Nucleocapsid" (N) proteins were searched by ELISA test. Except for the two subjects for whom it was possible to have a serum sample before vaccination, the others were collected on day 18 from the first dose of vaccine and on day 8 from the second dose. Serum samples collected after the first dose of vaccine showed reactivity to anti-RBD IgG in 11 out of 18 healthcare workers and to IgA in 2 subjects. After the second dose all 24 samples showed the presence of anti-S IgG, while 5 revealed a reactivity for anti-S IgA. Three samples showed reactivity towards anti-N IgG. The ELISA test has shown all its effectiveness in controlling post vaccine immunity and in discriminating natural immunity from vaccine induced immunity

Elementos de economía política : sexta edición notablemente corregida y aumentada con un apéndice bibliográfico

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 201

Elementos de Hacienda Pública

Con un Apéndice bibliográfico de la ciencia de la Hacienda PúblicaCopia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 201

Further Clarification of Pain Management Complexity in Radiotherapy: Insights from Modern Statistical Approaches

Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of analgesic care in radiotherapy (RT) patients, with a secondary objective to identify predictive variables associated with pain management adequacy using a modern statistical approach, integrating the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Methods: This observational, multicenter cohort study involved 1387 patients reporting pain or taking analgesic drugs from 13 RT departments in Italy. The Pain Management Index (PMI) served as the measure for pain control adequacy, with a PMI score < 0 indicating suboptimal management. Patient demographics, clinical status, and treatment-related factors were examined to discern the predictors of pain management adequacy. Results: Among the analyzed cohort, 46.1% reported inadequately managed pain. Non-cancer pain origin, breast cancer diagnosis, higher ECOG Performance Status scores, younger patient age, early assessment phase, and curative treatment intent emerged as significant determinants of negative PMI from the LASSO analysis. Notably, pain management was observed to improve as RT progressed, with a greater discrepancy between cancer (33.2% with PMI < 0) and non-cancer pain (73.1% with PMI < 0). Breast cancer patients under 70 years of age with non-cancer pain had the highest rate of negative PMI at 86.5%, highlighting a potential deficiency in managing benign pain in younger patients. Conclusions: The study underscores the dynamic nature of pain management during RT, suggesting improvements over the treatment course yet revealing specific challenges in non-cancer pain management, particularly among younger breast cancer patients. The use of advanced statistical techniques for analysis stresses the importance of a multifaceted approach to pain management, one that incorporates both cancer and non-cancer pain considerations to ensure a holistic and improved quality of oncological care

Economia Sociale

- Indice #11- Prefazione #15- Nozioni preliminari #19- Produzione della ricchezza #63- Circolazione della ricchezza #103- Distribuzione della ricchezza #157- Consumo della ricchezza #22