Tumores odontogénicos a células fantasmas. Conceptos actuales y aporte de 10 nuevos casos

Registros de casosSe presentan 10 nuevos casos de neoplasias odontogénicas a células fantasmas del archivo de la Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica de la Facultad de Odontología de la UDELAR de Montevideo, Uruguay. Estos tumores constituyeron el 0,08 porciento del total de biopsias del Servicio y el 2,9 porciento de todas las neoplasias odontogénicas registradas. Nueve fueron tumores odontogénicos quísticos calcificantes y uno fue tumor dentinogénico a células fantasmas. Ocho casos fueron centrales y dos periféricos (uno, quístico y el otro, sólido). Se registraron las características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas y se compararon con otros trabajos de la literatura internacional.(AU

A 10-year analysis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma profile in patients from public health centers in Uruguay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics and predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Uruguay. Medical records of patients with the diagnosis of primary OSCC treated between 2000 and 2010 in Uruguayan public hospitals were selected. Data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome were collected. Associations of independent variables with outcomes were assessed using Pearson chi-squared and Fisher's tests. Of 200 patients with OSCC, 79.4% were men (3.8:1 male:female ratio), with a mean age of 60.75 ± 11.26 years. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were reported by 85.3% and 63.5% of patients, respectively. The most commonly affected location was the tongue (42.5%), with lesions exhibiting ulcerous aspects in 87.9% of cases and pain at the time of diagnosis in 70.4% of cases. One hundred sixty-one (82.1%) patients had advanced-stage (III/IV) OSCC. Surgery was the most common treatment option, and the overall 5-year survival rate was 58.5%. Univariate analysis showed that the predictors of poor prognosis were clinical aspect, size, regional metastasis, clinical stage, and treatment. In Uruguay, OSCC is diagnosed late, which is associated with a low survival rate. Educational and preventive measures and investment to improve early diagnosis should be undertake

Oral health and non communicable diseases in patients of a higher education institution, Montevideo, Uruguay 2016

Determinar la prevalencia ENT y sus factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos en personas que concurrieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República. Estudio transversal en el que se aplicó un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos vinculados a factores de riesgo comportamentales. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial y glicemia capilar

Carcinoma espinocelular de boca no Uruguai : estudo de casos

Aproximadamente 3% das neoplasias malignas são originadas da cavidade bucal e representadas na maioria pelo carcinoma espinocelular (CEC). Estudos tem demostrado variações nas características clínico-epidemiológicas do CEC de boca de acordo com área geográfica da população estudada. A compreensão das características de uma população específica é importante por muitas razões, incluindo a compreensão da extensão do problema, fatores relacionados com seu desenvolvimento, seu diagnóstico e prognóstico. No entanto, poucos estudos têm sido relatados sobre essa lesão na população Uruguaia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil demográfico, os aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos, assim como, os fatores prognósticos dos carcinomas espinocelulares de boca (CECB) diagnosticados em serviços públicos no Uruguai. Foram selecionados todos os prontuários médicos de pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma espinocelular de boca primário atendidos no período de Janeiro 2000 a Dezembro de 2010 em Hospitais Públicos de Uruguai. Os prontuários foram avaliados manualmente e foram coletadas informações quanto aos dados demográficos, fatores de risco, características clínicas do tumor, tratamento e evolução. Foi confeccionado um banco de dados com as informações coletadas nos prontuários. A análise descritiva de todas as variáveis foi realizada e a existência de associação entre as variáveis independentes e os desfechos (estadiamento clínico e evolução) foi avaliada através do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste de Fisher, o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Dentre os 200 prontuários de pacientes analisados, 79.4% eram homens com distribuição homem:mulher de 3.8:1. A média de idade foi de 60,75 anos. A análise univariada mostrou que o estadiamento clínico tem associação significativa com o tabagismo (p = 0,04), quantidade de tabaco (p = 0,018), aspecto clínico (p = 0,009), tamanho do tumor (p = 0,001) e metástases regionais (p = 0,001). Os homens portadores de CEC foram associados com o consumo de tabaco e álcool. O prognóstico desfavorável dos CECB (óbito) foi significativamente relacionado com aspecto clínico (p = 0,02), tamanho (p = 0,001), metástases regionais (p = 0,016), estadiamento clínico (p = 0,002) e tratamento (p = 0,001). A maioria dos pacientes com CECB que evoluiram a óbito (pior prognóstico), exibiram úlcera (93,9%), tamanhos avançados - T3/T4 (90,2%), metástases regionais (66%), foram classificadas no estágio III/IV (94,1%) e receberam tratamento não cirúrgico ou paliativos. Conclui-se que no Uruguai o diagnóstico do CECB é tardio e associado a baixas taxas de sobrevida. Medidas educativas e preventivas para a população assim como, investimentos em estratégias para melhorar o diagnóstico precoce devem ser uma meta neste país.Nearly 3% of malignant neoplasms originate from the oral cavity and are mostly represented by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Studies have demonstrated variations in clinical and epidemiological features of oral SCC according to geographical area of the study population. Understanding the characteristics of a specific population is important for many reasons, including the comprehension of the extent of the problem, factors associated with their development, diagnosis and prognosis. However, few studies have been developed in Uruguayan population about this lesion. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the demographic, clinical and therapeutic features, as well as, the predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary OSCC evaluated during a period of 10-years in public health services in Uruguay. Medical records of patients with histological diagnosis of primary OSCC treated between January 2000 and December 2010 in Uruguayan Public Hospitals were selected. Information regarding demographics, risk factors, clinical features, treatment and outcome was collected. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the existence of association between independent variables and outcomes (clinical stage and evolution) was assessed using the Pearson Chi-Square test and Fisher's test. Out of a total of 200 patients with OSCC, 79.4% were men with 3.8:1 male:female ratio. The mean age was 60.75 years. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage have significant association with smoking (p=0,04), amount of tobacco (p=0.018), clinical aspect (p=0.009), tumor size (p=0.001) and regional metastasis (p=0.001). OSCC male patients were associated with tobacco and alcohol comsumption. Worse overall survival (poor prognosis) was significant associated with clinical aspect (p=0.02), size (p=0.001), regional metastasis (p=0.016), clinical stage (p=0.002) and treatment (p=0.001). The majority of OSCC patients with worse overall survival presented oral ulcer (93.9%), T3/T4 tumor size (90.2%), regional metastasis (66%), were classified at stage III/IV (94.1%) and received nonsurgical or palliatives treatment. We conclude that in Uruguay the diagnosis of OSCC is late associated to low survival rate. Educational and preventive measures for the population and investment in strategies to improve early diagnosis should be a goal in this country

Leucoplasia oral con displasia, a propósito de dos casos clínicos

La leucoplasia de la cavidad bucal es una de las lesiones que con mayor frecuencia se malignizan. Está asociada a diferentes factores etiológicos, principalmente hábitos nocivos, que pueden ser identificados y controlados evitando así su transformación maligna. El propósito de este artículo, en el cual se presentan dos casos de leucoplasia oral con displasia leve, es mostrar que la apariencia clínica no es sugestiva del diagnóstico histopatológico de las lesiones y que los hábitos nocivos influyen en su aparición, evolución y pronóstico