477 research outputs found
Protein engineering of cytochrome c by semisynthesis: substitutions at Glutamic acid 66
We have used protein semisynthesis to prepare four analogues of horse cytochrome c, in which the glutamic acid residue at position 66 has been removed and replaced by norvaline, glutamine, lysine and, as a methodological control, glutamic acid. This residue is quite strongly conserved in mitochondrial cytochrome c, and forms part of a cluster of acidic residues that occurs in all cytochromes c but whose function is obscure. Comparative studies of the physical and biochemical properties of the analogues have now disclosed two specific roles for Glu66 in the protein. It contributes significantly to the stabilization of the active conformation of the protein, probably by salt bridge formation, and it appears to participate in the redox-state-dependent ATP-binding site of cytochrome c. Our results also support two general views of the role of surface charged residues in cytochrome c, namely that their disposition influences both redox potential, through the electrostatic field felt at the redox centre, and the kinetics of electron transfer, through the dipole moment they generat
Du cÎté de la distribution
La situation est trĂšs similaire Ă celle de cultiver du blĂ© sur des prairies avant dâavoir construit un chemin de fer. Ce qui nâa pas Ă©tĂ© [âŠ] entrepris car il nây aurait pas eu moyen dâacheminer le blĂ© sur le marchĂ© et de le livrer aux personnes qui le mangeraient. Il en va de mĂȘme pour la production et la distribution cinĂ©matographique. Il nâest pas possible de rĂ©aliser des films si nous ne disposons pas de moyens pour amener les gens Ă les voir. Dans ce texte dactylographiĂ© conservĂ© dans ..
Filmographie de Lionel Rogosin
Si les contributions à ce dossier ont été rédigées en se basant sur le visionnement de copies numériques des films de Lionel Rogosin (les versions restaurées de certains, disponibles en format DVD, ou des transferts mis à disposition par Michael Rogosin), cette filmographie informe de la matérialité des films tels que réalisés, en plus de réunir des transcriptions, traduites en français, de leur générique. Les budgets sont indiqués lorsque des sources les mentionnant ont été trouvées. La coll..
Les Nomades du soleil dâHenry Brandt : un projet ethnographique Ă la croisĂ©e des mĂ©dias
Si sa contribution Ă lâExposition nationale suisse en 1964, La Suisse sâinterroge, a marquĂ© les mĂ©moires et fait lâobjet de recherches, la riche filmographie du cinĂ©aste Henry Brandt nâest aujourdâhui que peu explorĂ©e. Il sâagit ici de considĂ©rer son premier moyen mĂ©trage documentaire, Les Nomades du soleil, rĂ©alisĂ© entre 1953 et 1954, dĂ©crivant la vie du peuple nomade des Peuls Wodaabe, telle que Brandt a pu lâobserver lors dâune expĂ©dition de six mois en Afrique. AprĂšs une introduction qui ..
Traders de Jean-Stéphane Bron, un objet télévisuel singulier
Cet article analyse lâavant-dernier documentaire du rĂ©alisateur suisse romand Jean-StĂ©phane Bron, Traders (2009), rĂ©alisĂ© pour lâĂ©mission de reportage Temps PrĂ©sent (TSR), et dĂ©montre que, loin dâĂȘtre un travail de commande impersonnel, ce film sâinscrit de façon cohĂ©rente dans la filmographie du cinĂ©aste. Dans un premier temps, il est montrĂ© comment le film de Bron Ă la fois utilise et joue avec les codes du reportage tĂ©lĂ©visĂ© (format de cinquante-deux minutes, doublage en français sur les voix assourdies des personnes interviewĂ©es, entretiens frontaux tournĂ©s en studio, sur fond neutre, etc.), et sâen Ă©loigne fortement (usage du « je » en voix over, emprunts aux codes fictionnels). A cette tension entre un pĂŽle reportage et un pĂŽle fictionnel, sâajoute une mixitĂ© des images mises en chaĂźne dans Traders (plans filmĂ©s par le cinĂ©aste, archives tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©es, photographies), qui est ensuite interrogĂ©e. Lâusage des archives tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©es et dâimages fixes participe non seulement Ă la construction du rĂ©cit documentaire, mais permet aussi au rĂ©alisateur dâentretenir une distance ironique avec son sujet. Ces multiples hybriditĂ©s sont enfin mises en perspective avec les autres films de Jean-StĂ©phane Bron
VĂ©rification dâun plan de production minier Ă court terme par simulation
RĂSUMĂ : La planification miniĂšre Ă court terme consiste Ă dĂ©terminer quelles opĂ©rations doivent ĂȘtre faites Ă quel moment et par quelle Ă©quipe sur un horizon de temps court (un quart de travail Ă une semaine). Ce type de planification est un problĂšme de taille qui est Ă ce jour principalement traitĂ© manuellement. La planification par quarts de travail est un aspect qui nâa pas encore Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© dans la littĂ©rature. La planification par quarts de travail est complexe Ă©tant donnĂ© le fait que plusieurs contraintes qui ne sont pas considĂ©rĂ©es en planification Ă moyen et long terme doivent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es Ă court terme. Lâavantage de cette planification est quâelle permet dâoffrir des rĂ©sultats plus fidĂšles Ă la rĂ©alitĂ© que des planifications Ă plus long terme. De plus, cette planification limite la prise de dĂ©cision devant ĂȘtre effectuĂ©e au jour le jour dans les mines souterraines puisquâelle fournit un plan dĂ©taillĂ© des opĂ©rations devant ĂȘtre effectuĂ©es et ce dans lâordre et la mesure appropriĂ©s.
Afin dâobtenir un sĂ©quencement de la production adĂ©quat et efficace, un modĂšle mathĂ©matique en programme linĂ©aire mixte a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Ce modĂšle utilise comme intrants les rĂ©sultats dâun modĂšle de planification par semaine existant. Ces rĂ©sultats doivent ĂȘtre traitĂ©s afin dâĂȘtre compatibles avec le modĂšle de planification par quarts. Ainsi, cette planification est obtenue en deux phases. Puisque le modĂšle par quarts offre une planification Ă plus petite Ă©chelle que le modĂšle hebdomadaire, certaines contraintes y sont considĂ©rĂ©es sans lâĂȘtre dans le modĂšle hebdomadaire. La principale diffĂ©rence est la contrainte de prĂ©cĂ©dence entre les opĂ©rations qui doit ĂȘtre prise en compte afin dâoffrir un sĂ©quencement fidĂšle Ă la rĂ©alitĂ©. Cette contrainte est la raison pour laquelle la planification sur les quarts dâune semaine prĂ©sente un Ă©cart par rapport Ă la planification par semaine et ce pour toutes les semaines Ă lâĂ©tude. Cependant, le modĂšle dâoptimisation a certaines limitations. En effet, le modĂšle, Ă©tant dĂ©terministe, ne permet pas de considĂ©rer la variabilitĂ© associĂ©e au temps de travail. De plus, les temps de dĂ©placements des Ă©quipes Ă travers les divers sites nâont pas Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s dans le modĂšle mathĂ©matique. De plus, bien quâune contrainte de ressources relative au nombre dâĂ©quipes de travail existe dans le programme linĂ©aire mixte (PLM), celle-ci ne reprĂ©sente pas parfaitement la rĂ©alitĂ©. Pour pouvoir observer lâeffet de ces Ă©lĂ©ments non pris en compte dans le modĂšle dâoptimisation, un modĂšle de simulation a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Des tests ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s afin dâobserver lâinfluence des temps de dĂ©placement et de la variabilitĂ© sur les rĂ©sultats. De plus, des analyses ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es pour observer lâeffet sur les solutions de traiter deux semaines consĂ©cutives conjointement.
Ainsi, ce mĂ©moire prĂ©sente un modĂšle de planification des opĂ©rations miniĂšres souterraines Ă trĂšs court terme, soit sur les quarts de travail (10 heures) ce qui nâa pas Ă©tĂ© fait dans la littĂ©rature. Effectuer une planification Ă lâĂ©chelle du quart de travail permet de considĂ©rer des contraintes quâon ne peut considĂ©rer Ă une plus grande Ă©chelle comme la semaine. Ce modĂšle permet une planification Ă court terme automatique plutĂŽt que manuelle ce qui offre un gain de temps considĂ©rable pour les compagnies miniĂšres en plus dâassurer la meilleure planification possible (solution optimale). En plus du modĂšle en PLM, le mĂ©moire prĂ©sente un modĂšle de simulation permettant dâĂ©valuer lâeffet de changements apportĂ©s au systĂšme ce qui reprĂ©sente un outil trĂšs intĂ©ressant pour les compagnies miniĂšres. En effet, cela permet dâobserver les effets sur le systĂšme sans avoir Ă rĂ©ellement perturber celui-ci ce qui rĂ©sulte en des Ă©conomies de temps et dâargent.----------ABSTRACT : Short term mine planning (production sequencing) consists in determining the optimal sequence of operations and the team to do it on a very short period (a quarter to a week). It is an important problem that is to this day mainly solved manually. Mine planning on the scale of shifts (10 hours) is something that has not been studied yet in the literature. This type of planning is very complex because many constraints that are not considered in medium or long term planning must be taken into account. The advantage of this type of planning is that it provides results closer to reality than medium or long term planning since more constraints are considered. Furthermore, this type of planning limits the need for decision making in underground mines activities since it provides a very detailed plan of operations to be done. To obtain a reliable production sequencing, a mixed inter program has been developed. This model uses as input data the results of another model that does the weekly planning. The results of this weekly model have to be treated to be compatible with the shifts planning model. Therefore, the production plan on quarters is obtained in two phases. Since this model provides a planning on shorter term than the weekly model, it has some constraints that are not present in the weekly model. Of these constraints, the main one is the precedence constraint between the operations that is important to offer a realistic sequencing. This constraint is the reason for the difference between the shift planning and the weekly planning for all the weeks analyzed. However, the MIP model has certain limitations. Indeed, because the model is determinist, the model does not consider the variability associated to the operations time. Also, the shifting of the teams from site to site has not been considered in the mathematical model. Furthermore, even though there is a constraint in the MIP that restricts the number of hours of work that can be done according to the number of team, this constraint does not perfectly reflect reality. To be able to analyze the effect of these elements absent from the MIP, a simulation model has been developed. Tests were done to observe the influence on the results of considering the shifting of teams from site to site and the variability of the operations and shifting times. Also, tests were done to analyze the effect on solutions of planning two consecutive weeks simultaneously instead of planning both weeks individually. This thesis presents a short term (by quarters) underground mine operations planning model which has not been done in the literature. Planning on quarters allows to consider constraints that cannot be considered on longer term like the week. This model allows to do an automatic short term plan rather than a manual one which saves time for mining companies and ensure that the plan is optimal. The thesis also presents a simulation model allowing to evaluate the effects of changes on the system which is a valuable tool for mining companies. It allows to evaluate the effect of changes on the system without having to test on the real system resulting in money and time savings
Pulmonary sequestration: a review of 26 cases
Objectives: Pulmonary sequestration is a continuum of lung anomalies for which no single embryonic hypothesis is yet available. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic tools and treatment for the rare condition, pulmonary sequestration, in an unspecialised centre. Methods: We performed an analysis of 26 cases of pulmonary sequestration (paediatric and adult) operated at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois between May 1959 and May 1997. A review of the extralobar and intralobar types of sequestrations is discussed. Angiography is compared to other diagnostic tools in this condition, and treatment is discussed. Results: Twenty-six cases of pulmonary sequestrations, a rare congenital pulmonary malformation, were operated on in the defined time period. Seventy-three percent (19) of the cases were intralobar and 27% (seven) extralobar. Extralobar localisation was basal in 71% and situated between the upper and the lower lobe in 29%. In six cases, the diagnosis was made by exploratory thoracotomy. In the other 20 cases, diagnosis was evoked on chest X-ray and confirmed by angiography. Lobectomy (46%) was the most common treatment procedure. Segmental resection was performed in 30% of the cases and bilobectomy in 4%. Post-operative morbidity was low. The most significant complications were pleural empyema, haemothorax and haemopneumoperitoneum in case of extralobar sequestration. There was no evidence of metaplasia or pre-neoplastic changes. Conclusions: Despite its rarity, some radiological features are sufficiently suggestive of diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. Investigations are necessary in order to avoid unexpected pathology at the time of operation. Resection of the involved lung leads to excellent results and the long-term outcome is highly favourabl
Oral Immunization of Mice with Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Helicobacter pylori Urease B Subunit Partially Protects against Challenge with Helicobacter felis
BackgroundThe development of an efficacious vaccine against infection with Helicobacter pylori the causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma, remains a challenge. Since the use of mucosal adjuvants is limited in human application, we have evaluated the potential of recombinant Lactobacillus strains producing H. pylori urease B (UreB) subunit to deliver this antigen to the gastrointestinal tract MethodsMice were injected orally 3 times with a triple dose of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826, the recombinant isogenic cell-wall mutant (alrâ MD007 strain) expressing UreB, or a mixture of recombinant UreB and cholera toxin (rUreB/CT) as a control. Urease-specific seric immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA were measured by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After challenge with Helicobacter felis stomach infection was examined by use of the rapid urease test and by polymerase chain reaction detection of Helicobacter genomic DNA ResultsIntragastric immunization with both recombinant Lactobacillus strains and rUreB/CT elicited UreB-specific antibodies. After challenge, reduction of H. felis load in the stomachs of mice was observed only after immunization with the recombinant mutant strain MD007 or with rUreB/CT ConclusionsThis is the first report of successful induction of partial protection against H. felis with a mucosal prime-boost regimen in which recombinant Lactobacillus strains were used as antigen-delivery vehicle
Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection.
Vaccination is the process of administering immunogenic formulations in order to induce or harness antigen (Ag)-specific antibody and T cell responses in order to protect against infections. Important successes have been obtained in protecting individuals against many deleterious pathological situations after parenteral vaccination. However, one of the major limitations of the current vaccination strategies is the administration route that may not be optimal for the induction of immunity at the site of pathogen entry, i.e., mucosal surfaces. It is now well documented that immune responses along the genital, respiratory, or gastrointestinal tracts have to be elicited locally to ensure efficient trafficking of effector and memory B and T cells to mucosal tissues. Moreover, needle-free mucosal delivery of vaccines is advantageous in terms of safety, compliance, and ease of administration. However, the quest for mucosal vaccines is challenging due to (1) the fact that Ag sampling has to be performed across the epithelium through a relatively limited number of portals of entry; (2) the deleterious acidic and proteolytic environment of the mucosae that affect the stability, integrity, and retention time of the applied Ags; and (3) the tolerogenic environment of mucosae, which requires the addition of adjuvants to elicit efficient effector immune responses. Until now, only few mucosally applicable vaccine formulations have been developed and successfully tested. In animal models and clinical trials, the use of lipidic structures such as liposomes, virosomes, immune stimulating complexes, gas-filled microbubbles and emulsions has proven efficient for the mucosal delivery of associated Ags and the induction of local and systemic immune reponses. Such particles are suitable for mucosal delivery because they protect the associated payload from degradation and deliver concentrated amounts of Ags javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@379a5db0 specialized sampling cells (microfold cells) within the mucosal epithelium to underlying antigen-presenting cells. The review aims at summarizing recent development in the field of mucosal vaccination using lipid-based particles. The modularity ensured by tailoring the lipidic design and content of particles, and their known safety as already established in humans, make the continuing appraisal of these vaccine candidates a promising development in the field of targeted mucosal vaccination
Le temps du déplacement
DĂ©couvert en compĂ©tition internationale lors de la derniĂšre Ă©dition du festival Visions du rĂ©el Ă Nyon, puis sĂ©lectionnĂ© dans la section « Panorama suisse » du festival de Locarno et en compĂ©tition officielle Ă Doclisboa et aux Rencontres internationales du documentaire de MontrĂ©al, le nouveau film de Pierre-François Sauter Calabria a suscitĂ© lâenthousiasme Ă la fois du public et des jurys de professionnels : il a reçu Ă Nyon une mention spĂ©ciale, tandis quâil a Ă©tĂ© couronnĂ© Ă Lisbonne du Gra..
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