Primer reporte de enemigos naturales y parasitismo sobre Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México | First report of natural enemies and parasitism of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México

El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) es un insecto plaga de importancia cuarentenaria, vector de la proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter que causa la enfermedad huanglongbing. La búsqueda de enemigos naturales de D. citri se hizo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado y Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se realizaron muestreos a intervalos de 3 a 7 días de junio a noviembre de 2007, en plantas de cítricos y de limonaria Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Se identificaron seis enemigos naturales de D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., y Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Este último causo parasitismo natural de 0 a 59,6% y su abundancia relativa fue 95,5%. La abundancia relativa de las catarinitas C. sanguinea y O. v-nigrum fue 30,8% superior a la de las especies de crisopa. Los resultados presentados en este estudio son el primer reporte formal de enemigos naturales del psílido asiático de los cítricos en Sinaloa, México, algunos de los cuales pueden ser considerados para implementar su control biológico. Palabras clave: Enemigos naturales, depredadores, parasitoides, psílido, huanglongbing, México ABSTRACT The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an insect pest of quarantine, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter proteobacteria that cause disease huanglongbing. The search for natural enemies of D. citri was done in the municipalities of Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado and Culiacan, Sinaloa. Samplings were made at intervals of 3 to 7 days, from June to November 2007, in citrus plants and lemon grass Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. We identified six natural enemies of D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., and Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). The last specie caused natural parasitism from 0 to 59.6% and their relative abundance was 95.5%. The relative abundance of beetles C. sanguinea and O. v-nigrum was 30.8% higher than in lacewing species. The results presented in this study are the first formal report of natural enemies of the Asian citrus psyllid in Sinaloa, Mexico, some of which can be used to implement biological control. Key words: Natural enemies, predators, parasitoids, psyllid, huanglongbing, Méxic

Use of natural enemies and biorational pest control of corne

A general analysis of the potential use of natural enemies and biorational insecticides for control of main pests of corn in thestate of Sinaloa is presented. A discuss on their composition, dosage, toxicity and type of effect on beneficial organisms(natural enemies and pollinators) is too included. The work revealed that is possible implement the use of these natural enemies and products for the control of neonate larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm (J. E Smith) with Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) (Samson); against thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) using the nematodes Steinernema riobravis (Cabanillas and Poinar), S. feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) at doses of 10,000 IJ (4x10 ~ IJ/m); against the corn silk fly Euxesta stigmatias (Loew) encouraging the natural parasitism of Spalangia sp., while for the cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) can be with spinosad (soluble concentrate) at doses of 0.123 kg a. i, and to the corn earwormHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) using the analog of methoxyfenozide molting hormone (24%) at 144 mg of a. i/L. The biorational control agents that not affect significantly to the natural enemies were the nucleopoliedrosis virus SfMNPV and SeMNPV; N. rileyi and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize); Bacillus thuringiensis (Berlinier); the azadirachtin (neem) and parasitoids. In the case of products of chemical synthesis: Spinosad, oxymatrine and bifenthrin showed high rates of mortality in the control of corn pests, so these are considered as of high and moderate risk to Aphis mellifera (L.) bees, the methoxyfenozide presented relatively low toxicity to natural enemies. In general, biorational products have repellent effect on larvae and adults of these insects, inhibit feeding and induce molting, also causing deformities and impede the development and growth, too interfere with sexual intercourse and copulate, reducing the oviposition, as well as cause sterility of adults, so these may also constitute a risk to beneficial organisms. However, we concluded that these products are less toxic than chemical pesticides to nontarget organisms, which eventually will be used with less risk of environment contamination in the control of corn pest in theagricultural region of northern Sinaloa

Primer reporte de enemigos naturales y parasitismo sobre Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an insect pest of quarantine, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter proteobacteria that cause disease huanglongbing. The search for natural enemies of D. citri was done in the municipalities of Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado and Culiacan, Sinaloa. Samplings were made at intervals of 3 to 7 days, from June to November 2007, in citrus plants and lemon grass Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. We identified six natural enemies of D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., and Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). The last specie caused natural parasitism from 0 to 59.6% and their relative abundance was 95.5%. The relative abundance of beetles C. sanguinea and O. v-nigrum was 30.8% higher than in lacewing species. The results presented in this study are the first formal report of natural enemies of the Asian citrus psyllid in Sinaloa, Mexico, some of which can be used to implement biological control.El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) es un insecto plaga de importancia cuarentenaria, vector de la proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter que causa la enfermedad huanglongbing. La búsqueda de enemigos naturales de D. citri se hizo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado y Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se realizaron muestreos a intervalos de 3 a 7 días de junio a noviembre de 2007, en plantas de cítricos y de limonaria Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Se identificaron seis enemigos naturales de D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., y Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Este último causo parasitismo natural de 0 a 59,6% y su abundancia relativa fue 95,5%. La abundancia relativa de las catarinitas C. sanguinea y O. v-nigrum fue 30,8% superior a la de las especies de crisopa. Los resultados presentados en este estudio son el primer reporte formal de enemigos naturales del psílido asiático de los cítricos en Sinaloa, México, algunos de los cuales pueden ser considerados para implementar su control biológico

Primer reporte de enemigos naturales y parasitismo sobre Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an insect pest of quarantine, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter proteobacteria that cause disease huanglongbing. The search for natural enemies of D. citri was done in the municipalities of Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado and Culiacan, Sinaloa. Samplings were made at intervals of 3 to 7 days, from June to November 2007, in citrus plants and lemon grass Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. We identified six natural enemies of D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., and Diaphorencyrtus sp., y Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). The last specie caused natural parasitism from 0 to 59.6% and their relative abundance was 95.5%. The relative abundance of beetles C. sanguinea and O. v-nigrum was 30.8% higher than in lacewing species. The results presented in this study are the first formal report of natural enemies of the Asian citrus psyllid in Sinaloa, Mexico, some of which can be used to implement biological control.El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) es un insecto plaga de importancia cuarentenaria, vector de la proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter que causa la enfermedad huanglongbing. La búsqueda de enemigos naturales de D. citri se hizo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado y Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se realizaron muestreos a intervalos de 3 a 7 días de junio a noviembre de 2007, en plantas de cítricos y de limonaria Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Se identificaron seis enemigos naturales de D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., y Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Este último causo parasitismo natural de 0 a 59,6% y su abundancia relativa fue 95,5%. La abundancia relativa de las catarinitas C. sanguinea y O. v-nigrum fue 30,8% superior a la de las especies de crisopa. Los resultados presentados en este estudio son el primer reporte formal de enemigos naturales del psílido asiático de los cítricos en Sinaloa, México, algunos de los cuales pueden ser considerados para implementar su control biológico