Caracterização Granulométrica De Biomassa Polidispersa Pelo Método De Peneiramento Mecânico

Polydispersed biomass has as one of the main features variations in particle dimension and size. Mean diameter determination methods by screening are widely used due to their relative simplicity and low cost. However, when applied for heterogeneous materials such as polydispersed biomass, they can lead to misleading results. Thus, we evaluated three methods for determining mean diameter of polydispersed biomass particles, aiming at most accurate results. The methods are based on size fractionation by mechanical sieving: one analytical (Sauter diameter) and two by graphical analysis of particle distribution functions (Mass Distribution Density - MDD and Cumulative/ Augmentative Distribution - CAD). The method based on graphical analysis of mass distribution density (MDD) was the most efficient for sugarcane bagasse analysis, once it enabled detecting different populations and clearly identifying their respective characteristic dimensions. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for particle size analysis of polydispersed biomass.36110211

Impressions Of The 1st World Conference And Exhibition On Biomass For Energy And Industry

[No abstract available]43131

Exergetic Analysis Of Anaerobic Digestion Of Stillage: Case Study In Brazil

The impact of energy resource utilisation on the environment can be quantitatively addressed by methods using the concept of exergy. In this paper, is performed an exergetic analysis on a autonomous distillery for the production of ethanol from sugarcane, in which an UASB reactor is supposed to be added to the system in order to treat all the stillage produced in the distillery. The exergetic costs are calculated for two different uses of the biogas: direct burning in the steam generator substituting part of the bagasse and used in the sugarcane transport vehicles after being cleaned as pure methane. The results show that while the pollutant is kept away from the environment, the performance of the system is improved with higher exergy savings.315171527Macedo, I., Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance in bio-ethanol production and utilization in Brazil (1996) (1998) Biomass and Bioenergy, 14 (1), pp. 77-81Rosillo-Calle, F., Cortez, L.A.B., Towards PROALCOOL II - A review of the Brazilian bioethanol programme (1998) Biomass and Bioenergy, 14 (2), pp. 115-124Souza, M.E., Fuzaro, G., Polegato, A.R., Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of vinasse in pilot plant UASB reactor (1992) Water Science and Technology, 25 (7), pp. 213-222Driessen, W., Tielbaard, M., Vereijken, T., Experience on anaerobic treatment of distillery effluent with the UASB process (1994) Water Science Technology, 30 (12), pp. 193-201Conservation of energy in the sugar and ethanol industry (1990), IPT - Technological Research InstituteSao Paolo Technological Research Institute, São Paulo(in Portuguese)Pinto, Cláudio plaza technology for anaerobic digestion of stillage and sustainable development (1999), Master of Science Thesis, FEM/Unicamp(in Portuguese)Gloeden, E., Cunha, R.C.A., Fraccaroli, M.J.B., Cleary, R.W., The behaviour of vinasse constituents in the unsaturated and saturated zones in the Botucatu aquifer recharge area (1991) Water Science Technology, 24 (11), pp. 147-157Cruz, R.L., Righetto, A.M., Nogueira, M.A., Experimental investigation of soil and groundwater impacts caused by vinasse disposal (1991) Water Science Technology, 24 (11), pp. 77-85Rosen, M.A., Dincer, I., On exergy and environmental impact (1997) International Journal of Energy Research, 21, pp. 643-654Lozano, M.A., Valero, A., Theory of the exergetic cost (1993) Energy, 18 (9), pp. 939-960Castier, M., Rajagopal, K., Thermodynamics analysis of alcohol distillery (1988) Energy, 13 (5), pp. 455-45

Constructive Features, Operation And Sizing Of Fluidized-bed Gasifiers For Biomass

[No abstract available]245257Baptista, M.A.C., "Gaseificação de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar: um estudo experimental" (1986) Anais do XIV Encontrol sobre Escoamento em Meios Porosos, pp. 420-438. , UNICAMPBridgwater, A.V., "Thermochemical processing of biomass" (1984) Review of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, , Butterworth, LondonCampagnola, G., RDF pellets gasification/gas clean-up development program (1994) Energy from Biomass - Progress in Thermochemical Conversion, Proceedings of the EC Contractors' Meeting held in Florence, pp. 83-97. , Italy, published by European Commission, Brussels, Luxembourg, ppClark, S.J., Goodman, M.A., (1985) Biomass gas fueling of spark ignition engine - carburetor development and testing, (85-3570), pp. 1-27. , Paper ASAECzernik, S., Koeberle, P.G., Jollez, P., Bilodeau, J.F., Chornet, E., "Gasification of residual biomass via the Biosyn fluidized bed technology" (1994) Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, pp. 423-437. , Bridgwater A.V. (Ed), Blackie Academic and ProfessionalEvans, R.J., Knight, R.A., Onischak, M., Babu, S.P., "Process performance and environment assessment of the Renugas process" (1987) Energy from Biomass and Wastes, 10, pp. 677-694Jenkins, B.M., Fuel properties of biomass materials (1990) International Symposium on Application and Management of Energy in Agriculture: The Role of Biomass Fuels, , IIT, Delhi, India, May 21-23Lamorey, G.W., Jenkins, B.M., Goss, J.R., (1985) LP engine and fluidized bed gas producer performance, , ASAE paperLundqvist, R.G., "The IGCC demonstration plant at Varnamo" (1993) Bioresource Technology, 46, pp. 49-53Maniatis, K., Fluidized bed gasification of agricultural residues (1990) International Symposium on Application Management of Energy in Agriculture: The Role of Biomass Fuels, , preprint, New Delhi, MayManiatis, K., Kiritsis, S., "Gasification of cotton stalks in a fluidized bed" (1992) Proceedings of the 6th European Conference of Biomass for Energy, Environment and Industry (Athens, Greece, 1991), pp. 806-810. , Elsevier PressMehrling, P., Reimert, R., Synthetic fuel from wood via gasification in the circulating fluidized bed (1986) Energy from Biomass Conference, pp. 73-113Omnifuel, Biomass Energy Technology, 1990. Fluidized bed gasification systems, technical bulletinOverend, R.P., (1994), Personal communicationOverend, R.P., Onischak, M., Trenka, A., Kinoshita, C., "The U.S. Department of Energy and the Pacific International Center for High Technology Research pressurized oxygen-air fluidized bed biomass gasification scale-up" (1994) Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, pp. 438-448. , Bridgwater A.V. (Ed), Blackie Academic and ProfessionalRensfeld, E., Cogeneration using gasification and diesel engines (1988) Technical Bulletin, , Studsvik Energiteknik ABSanchez, C.G., Silva, E.L., "Biomass fluidized bed gasification research in the State University of Campinas" (1994) Energy for Sustainable Development, I (4), pp. 31-34. , NovemberStröm, E., Liinanki, L., Sjöström, K., (1982) "Gasification of biomass in the MINO-Process", , Technical Bulletin of the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Swede

Physical Evaluation On Tomatoes Cv. 'romana' During Postharvest Handling [avaliação Física Do Tomate De Mesa 'romana' Durante Manuseio Na Pós-colheita]

Tomato postharvest losses are very high in Brazil and the goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of handling and the transport of tomato fruits, cultivar Romana on the steps of harvesting, weight and transportation to the packinghouse, pointing some critical points. Tomatoes were harvested at plastic boxes, weighted and shipped to a packinghouse. Fruits taken directly from the plant were determined as reference. The parameters evaluated were weight loss and mechanical injury and tomato physical quality after storage during 21 days. It was observed an increasing on the weight loss, external damage, and postharvest losses, after storage. Handling and transportation were the cause of an increase in 6.6% in external damage and 1.93% of weight loss after storage, when comparing harvested fruits and fruits evaluated on the packing-house. The main reason for postharvest losses was due to mechanical injury caused during transportation mainly due to the compressure force among fruits and against the plastic boxes.261321327(2002) Anuário Da Agricultura Brasileira, 536p. , São Paulo: FNP Consultoria & Comércio, 2001Bajema, R.W., Hyde, G.M., Packing line bruise evaluation for Walla Walla Summer Sweet onions (1995) Transactions of the ASAE, 38 (4), pp. 1167-1171. , St. JosephBrusewitz, G.H., McCollum, T.G., Zhang, X., Impact bruise resistance of peaches (1991) Transactions of the ASAE, 34 (3), pp. 962-965. , St. JosephBussab, W.O., Morettin, P., (2002) Estatística Básica. 5.Ed., 321p. , São Paulo: Saraiva(2000) Classificação de Tomate, 3p. , São Paulo: Programa Horti&FrutiChen, P., Yazdani, R., Prediction of apple bruising due to impact on different surfaces (1991) Transactions of the ASAE, 34 (3), pp. 956-961. , St. JosephCosta, F.G., Caixeta Filho, J.V., (1996) Análise Das Perdas Na Comercialização de Tomate: Um Estudo de Caso, 26p. , São Paulo: [s.n.]Fluck, R.C., Halsey, L.H., Impact forces and tomato bruising (1973) Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series, (5109), pp. 239-242. , GainesvilleGalvis-Vanegas, J.A., (1987) Fisiologia Pós-colheita de Tomate (Lycopersicun esculentum Mill) Cultivar Ângela, pp. 123f. , Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Pós-Colheita) - Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Campinas, 1987Halsey, L.H., Preliminary studies of bruising of "turning" and "pink" tomatoes caused by handling practices (1955) Florida State Horticultural Society, 68, pp. 240-243. , Lake AlfredHarvey, J.M., Reduction of losses in fresh market fruits and vegetables (1978) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 16, pp. 321-341. , Palo AltoJackman, R.L., Marangoni, A.G., Stanley, D.W., Measurement of tomato fruit firmness (1990) HortScience, 25 (7), pp. 781-783. , AlexandriaJones, C.S., Holt, J.E., Schoorl, D., Model to predict damage to horticultural produce during transport (1991) Agriculture Engineering Research, 50 (4), pp. 259-272. , LondonKader, A.A., Morris, L.L., Stevens, M.A., Albright-Holton, M., Composition and flavor quality of fresh market tomatoes as influenced by some postharvest handling procedures (1978) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 103 (1), pp. 6-13. , AlexandriaKunze, O.R., Aldred, W.H., Reeder, B.D., Bruising characteristics of peaches related to mechanical harvesting (1975) Transactions of the ASAE, 18 (5), pp. 939-941. , St. JosephLana, M.M., Moita, A.W., Nascimento, E.F., Souza, G.S., Melo, M.F., Quantificação e caracterização das perdas pós-colheita de tomate no varejo (1999) Horticultura Brasileira, 17 (3), p. 295. , BrasíliaMacLeod, R.F., Kader, A.A., Morris, L.L., Stimulation of ethylene and CO2 production of mature-green tomatoes by impact bruising (1976) HortScience, 11 (6), pp. 604-606. , AlexandriaManess, N.O., Brusewitz, G.H., McCollum, T.G., Impact bruise resistance comparison among peach cultivars (1992) HortScience, 27 (9), pp. 1008-1011. , AlexandriaMarcos, S.K., (2001) Desenvolvimento de Tomate de Mesa, Com O Uso Do Método QFD (Quality Function Deployment), Comercializado Em Um Supermercado, pp. 199f. , Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Pós-Colheita) - Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2001Miller, W.M., Ismail, M.A., Injury Assessment in Citrus Packing Operations, , http://www.fcprac.ifas.ufl.edu/UF%20IFAS%20Short%20Course%20Proceedings/ qualitycontrolassessment.htmMoretti, C.L., Sargent, S.A., Huber, D.J., Galbo, A.G., Puschmann, R., Chemical composition and physical properties of pericarp, locule, and placental tissues of tomatoes with internal bruising (1998) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 123 (4), pp. 656-660. , AlexandriaMoretti, C.L., Sargent, S.A., Alteração de sabor e aroma em tomates causada por impacto (2000) Scientia Agrícola, 57 (3), pp. 385-388. , PiracicabaResende, L.V., Maluf, W.R., Gomes, L.A.A., Mota, F.M.F., Resende, J.T.V., Análise dialélica de firmeza de frutos em cultivares e linhagens de tomateiro (Lycopersicun esculentum Mill.) (1999) Revista Ciência e Tecnologia, 23 (1), pp. 12-18. , LavrasSargent, S.A., Brecht, J.K., Zoellner, J.J., Sensitivity of tomatoes at mature-green and breaker ripeness stages to internal bruising (1992) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 117 (1), pp. 119-123. , AlexandriaSargent, S.A., Maul, F.S., Moretti, C.L., Sims, C.A., Harvest maturity, storage temperature and internal bruising affect tomato flavor (1997) Proceedings of the Florida Tomato Institute, 2 (1), pp. 22-24. , GainesvilleTim, E.J., Brown, G.K., Brook, R.C., Schulte, N.L., Burton, C.L., Impact bruise estimates for onion packing lines (1991) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 7 (5), pp. 571-576. , St. JosephTsunechiro, A., Ueno, L.H., Pontarelli, C.T.G., Avaliação econômica das perdas de hortaliças e frutas no mercado varejista de São Paulo, 1991/92 (1994) Agricultura Em São Paulo, 41 (2), pp. 1-5. , São PauloVergano, P.J., Testin, R.F., Newal Jr., W.C., Peach bruising: Susceptibility to impact vibration, and compression abuse (1991) American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 34 (5), pp. 2110-2116. , St. JosephVilela, N.J., Luengo, R.F.A., Viabilidade técnica e econômica da caixa Embrapa para comercialização de tomate para consumo in natura (2002) Horticultura Brasileira, 20 (2), pp. 222-227. , Brasília, Junh

Effect Of Sorting, Refrigeration And Packaging On Tomato Shelf Life

In order to reduce horticultural produce losses, two Brazilian tomato varieties were submitted to post-harvest handling procedures combining sorting, refrigerated storage and different carton packages. These procedures were evaluated with respect to their effects on the produce shelf life. Studies were conducted to analyze coloration, firmness, flavour and weight loss changes in mature green tomatoes stored at 7°C, 13°C and ambient temperature (24°C). In general, after 9 days of storage, higher storage temperatures promoted higher sweetness and weight loss levels, as well as lower firmness. The study also included a comparison between some tomatoes held at 24°C for 9 days and a sample kept at 13°C for 22 days, showing that the produce from these storage conditions had fairly similar postharvest characteristic results. Although sorting and package factors affect some isolated characteristics, they did not seem to strongly influence tomato shelf life.417074Gayet, J.P., Bleinroth, E.W., Matallo, M., Garcia, E.E.C., Garcia, A.E., Ardito, E.F.G., Bordin, M.R., (1995) Tomate para Exportação: Procedimentos de Colheita e Pós Colheita, , Ministério da Agricultura, do Abastecimento e da Reforma Agrária, Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Rural, Brasília, DF, Brazil(2002) Production, 56. , Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome, ItaliaCortez, L.A.B., Honório, S.L., Camergo, L.N.F., Moretti, C.L., Importância do resfiamento para frutas e hortaliças no Brasil (2002) Resfriamento de Frutas e Hortaliças, pp. 17-35. , Cortez, L.A.B., Honório, S.L. and Moretti, C.L. (eds). Embrapa Informaçã Tecnológica, Brasília, DF, Brésil(2002) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, , Kader, A.A. (ed) Publ. no. 3311. 3rd ed. Coop. Ext. Uni. of Ca, Davis, CA, USAMaul, F., Sargent, S.A., Huber, D.J., Balaban, M.O., Luzuriaga, D.A., Baldwin, E.A., Non destructive quality screening of tomato fruit using "eletronic nose" technology (1997) Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 110, pp. 188-194Hui, K.P.C., Forney, C.F., DeEll, J.R., Markarian, N.R., Vigneault, C., (2002) Manutention et Conditionnement des Petits Fruits Destinés Au Marché du Frais, , CRAAQ, Ste-Foy, QuébecHardenburg, R.E., Watada, A.E., Wang, C.Y., (1986) The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables and Florist and Nursery Stocks, , Handbook #66. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, USAVanegas, J.A.G., (1987) Fisiologia Pós Colheita de Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Cultivar Ángela, , Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Unicamp University, Campinas, SP, BrazilVegetables (1998) Refrigeration ASHRAE Handbook, , ChapASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, USATompson, J.F., Mitchell, F.G., Packages for horticultural crops (2002) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 3rd Edition, pp. 85-96. , Kader, A.A. (ed.) Publication #3311. Coop. Ext. Uni. of Ca. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA, USAVigneault, C., Émond, J.P., (1998), Reusable container for the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables. US Patent #5,727,711. Washington, DC, USA. USA Patent OfficeVigneault, C., Goyette, B., Design of plastic container openings to optimize forced-air precooling of fruits and vegetables (2002) Appl. Eng. Agric., 18 (1), pp. 73-76Sargent, S.A., Bender, R.J., Brecht, J.K., (1993) Grade Classification Affects Decay Susceptibility of Tomatoes, , University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl, USABleinroth, E.W., (1998) Quality of Horticultural Products, , Unicamp University, Campinas, SP, Brazil(1981) Physical Conditions in Cold Stores - Definitions and Measurement. Fruits and Vegetables, , Norm 67.2169. Int. Org. StandCarvalho, C.R.L., Mantovani, D.M.B., Carvalho, P.R.N., Moraes, R.M., (1990) Chemical Analysis for Food, , Unicamp University, Campinas, SP, Brazil(2003) Determination of Soluble Solids - Refractometric Method. Fruits and Vegetables Products, , Norm 67.2173. Int. Org. Stand(1998) Determination of Titratable Acidity. Fruits and Vegetables Products, , Norm 67.750. Int. Org. Stand(1991) Determination of pH. Fruit and Vegetable Products, , Norm 67.1842. Int. Org. StandBrecht, J.K., Sargent, S.A., Hochmuth, R.C., Tervola, R.S., Postharvest quality of Supersweet (SH2) sweet corn cultivars (1990) Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 103, pp. 283-288Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2 nd Ed., , McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, USAVigneault, C., Bordint, M.R., Abrahão, R.F., Embalagem para frutas e hortaliças (2002) Resfriamento de Frutas e Hortaliças, pp. 95-140. , Cortez, L.A.B., Honório, S.L. and Moretti, C.L. (eds). Embrapa Informaçã Tecnológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil(1995) HVAC Applications, , Chap. 43. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, US