Diversity trapped in cages: Revision of Blumenavia Möller (Clathraceae, Basidiomycota) reveals three hidden species

Basidiomata of Phallales have a diversified morphology with adhesive gleba that exudes an odor, usually unpleasant that attracts mainly insects, which disperse the basidiospores. The genus Blumenavia belongs to the family Clathraceae and, based on morphological features, only two species are currently recognized: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis. However, the morphological characters adopted in species delimitations within this genus are inconsistent, and molecular data are scarce. The present study aimed to review and identify informative characters that contribute to the delimitation of Blumenavia species. Exsiccates from America and Africa were analyzed morphologically, and molecularly, using ITS, LSU, ATP6, RPB2 and TEF-1α markers for Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian and Maximum likelihood analyses, and also for coalescent based species delimitations (BP&P), as well as for bPTP, PhyloMap, Topo-phylogenetic and Geophylogenetic reconstructions. According to our studies, seven species can be considered in the genus: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis are maintained, B. usambarensis and B. toribiotalpaensis are reassessed, and three new species are proposed, B. baturitensis Melanda, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov., B. crucis-hellenicae G. Coelho, Sulzbacher, Grebenc & Cortez, sp. nov., and B. heroica Melanda, Baseia & M.P. Martín, sp. nov. Blumenavia rhacodes is typified by selecting a lectotype and an epitype. Macromorphological characters considered informative to segregate and delimit the species through integrative taxonomy include length of the basidiomata, color, width and presence of grooves on each arm as well as the glebifer position and shape. These must be clearly observed while the basidiomata are still fresh. Since most materials are usually analyzed after dehydration and deposit in collections, field techniques and protocols to describe fugacious characters from fresh specimen are demanded, as well as the use of molecular analysis, in order to better assess recognition and delimitation of species in Blumenavia

New distributional data on Geastrum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) from Brazil

[EN] (New distributional data on Geastrum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) from Brazil). Th e data presented in this article are the results of fi eld collections and the analysis of fungal specimens deposited in the URM Herbarium. Th e fi eld trips were carried out in four Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Pernambuco, between June 2008 and May 2009. Th e revision of specimens housed in the URM was restricted to the Brazilian exsiccatae. Geastrum specimens were examined macro- and microscopically following the traditional methodology used in the group. Geastrum javanicum and G. lloydianum are new records from the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Eight species are new records from the following states: Pará (G. fi mbriatum), Ceará (G. lloydianum), Paraíba (G. fi mbriatum, G. javanicum, G. schweinitzii and G. entomophilum), Pernambuco (G. lageniforme and G. triplex) and Rio de Janeiro (G. javanicum). In this article we present full descriptions for ten species of Geastrum with pictures and an identifi cation key.[POR] (Novos dados de distribuição de Geastrum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) no Brasil). Os dados apresentados neste artigo são resultados de coletas feitas em campo e análise de espécimes fúngicos depositados no Herbário URM. As coletas foram realizadas em quatro remanescentes de mata atlântica no estado de Pernambuco, entre junho/2008 e maio/2009. A revisão de espécimes depositados no URM foi restrita a exsicatas brasileiras. Os espécimes de Geastrum foram examinados macro e microscopicamente segundo a metodologia tradicional do grupo. Geastrum javanicum e G. lloydianum são novos registros para a região Nordeste do Brasil. Oito espécies são novas ocorrências para os seguintes estados: Pará (G. fi mbriatum), Ceará (G. lloydianum), Paraíba (G. fi mbriatum, G. javanicum, G. schweinitzii e G. entomophilum), Pernambuco (G. lageniforme e G. triplex) e Rio de Janeiro (G. javanicum). Apresentamos neste artigo dez descrições completas de espécies de Geastrum, além de fotos das espécies e uma chave de identifi cação.Peer reviewe

Determination of the chemical composition and functional properties of shrimp waste protein concentrate and lyophilized flour Determinação da composição química e das propriedades funcionais de concentrado protéico e de farinha liofilizada de resíduos de camarão

Wastes from the seafood industry can be easily processed into products with new forms of use. The present study was aimed at determining the chemical composition and functional properties of shrimp waste protein concentrate and lyophilized flour. The raw material used in this study consisted of waste (head) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The protein concentrate was obtained by ethanolic extraction, being subsequently submitted to drying in oven at 70° C, while the flour was obtained by lyophilization of shrimp wastes. Moisture, ash, protein and calcium contents showed significant difference between fresh shrimp head waste samples (IN) and protein concentrate and lyophilized flour samples. The protein content for protein concentrate (PC) and lyophilized flour (LF) showed significant increase in relation to protein content in the waste (IN), thus showing that the process for obtaining the protein concentrate was efficient.<br>Resíduos provenientes da indústria do pescado podem ser facilmente transformados em produtos com novas formas de aproveitamento. No presente estudo, objetivou-se determinar a composição química e as propriedades funcionais de farinha liofilizada e concentrado proteico provenientes de resíduos de camarão. A matéria-prima empregada neste estudo foi constituída de resíduos (cabeça) de camarão Litopenaeus vannamei. O concentrado proteico foi obtido por extração etanólica e, posteriormente, submetido à secagem em estufa a 70° C, enquanto a farinha foi obtida pelo processo de liofilização do resíduo. Os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas e cálcio apresentaram diferença significativa entre as amostras de resíduo de cabeça de camarão in natura (IN) e as amostras de concentrado proteico e farinha liofilizada. O teor de proteínas para concentrado protéico (CP) e para a farinha liofilizada (FL) apresentou aumento significativo em relação ao teor proteico do resíduo (IN), mostrando, assim, que o processo de elaboração do concentrado proteico foi eficiente