Critique [of Institutional Racism]

As Deloria indicates in the opening lines of his essay, the dominant paradigm of racism in the 1960s reflected the popularly held belief that racism was an individual phenomena. Consequently. if racist individuals were confronted and curtailed or converted, the argument concluded, then discrimination would come to an end. However, history has shown us that we can have racist institutions without having racist individuals. For instance, our education institutions perpetuate racial, as well as sex, inequality. Yet it is possible for every member of such an institution to be non-racist, as well as non-sexist

THE SOCIOLOGY OF MORAL JUDGMENT: SOCIAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS

Social and ethnic differences in moral judgment are examined and a critique of the cognitive-developmental model is presented in this article. In opposition to Piaget and Kohlberg, the thesis advanced here is that morality and moral development are culturally and socially determined constructs. While Piaget postulated the presence of qualitatively distinct stages of moral development to be found in all societies, the position presented here is that the number ofstages, the content of the stages, and the order of the stages varies across cultures. While Kohlberg asserts that morality is located in the psychological structures of the individual, our position is that moral reasoning and behavior is largely determined by such social factors as role demands, class interests, national policies and ethnic antagonisms. Moreover, one cannot be moral in an immoral social role irrespective of childhood socialization, psychological predispositions or commitment to abstract principles

Critique [of Racial Intelligence Testing and the Mexican People]

Historically, scientific racism has provided reinforcement for maintaining the status quo. Researchers who sought to discover and explain racial difference in intelligence generally operated from a functionalist or social facts paradigm. Gilbert Gonzalez shows that “Racism was essentially an ideological explanation for the social structure, and did not affect the distribution of property, but rationalized that distribution.“ In sum, scientific racism indicated that the social structure was based on the genetic make-up of racial categories

Emergent Noncommutative gravity from a consistent deformation of gauge theory

Starting from a standard noncommutative gauge theory and using the Seiberg-Witten map we propose a new version of a noncommutative gravity. We use consistent deformation theory starting from a free gauge action and gauging a killing symmetry of the background metric to construct a deformation of the gauge theory that we can relate with gravity. The result of this consistent deformation of the gauge theory is nonpolynomial in A_\mu. From here we can construct a version of noncommutative gravity that is simpler than previous attempts. Our proposal is consistent and is not plagued with the problems of other approaches like twist symmetries or gauging other groups.Comment: 18 pages, references added, typos fixed, some concepts clarified. Paragraph added below Eq. (77). Match published PRD version

Critique [of Ethnicity and Empowerment: Implications for Psychological Training in the 1980s by Linda M.C. Abbott]

The United States has a poor record in meeting the mental health needs of its minority populations. By focusing on individual pathology and relying on the white male as norm, practitioners have provided an ethnocentric and ineffective means of treating their culturally diverse clients. No longer can mental health problems be regarded only in terms of disabling mental illnesses and identified psychiatric disorders. They must also embody harm to mental health linked with perpetual poverty and unemployment and the institutionalized discrimination that happens on the basis of race or ethnicity, age, sex, social class, and mental or physical handicap. In its report, the President\u27s Commission on Mental Health indicated that mental health services and programs must focus on the diversity of groups in U.S. society and satisfy the groups in terms of their special needs

Lexicality Effects in Reading Aloud: Where are They?

A report submitted by Michael J. Cortese to the Research and Creative Productions Committee in 2001 on contrasting models of word recognition and the criterion used to initiate pronunciation in reading aloud

Multiple merging in the Abell cluster 1367

We present a dynamical analysis of the central ~1.3 square degrees of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1367, based on 273 redshift measurements (of which 119 are news). From the analysis of the 146 confirmed cluster members we derive a significantly non-Gaussian velocity distribution, with a mean location C_{BI} = 6484+/-81 km/s and a scale S_{BI} = 891+/-58 km/s. The cluster appears elongated from the North-West to the South-East with two main density peaks associated with two substructures. The North-West subcluster is probably in the early phase of merging into the South-East substructure (~ 0.2 Gyr before core crossing). A dynamical study of the two subclouds points out the existence of a group of star-forming galaxies infalling into the core of the South-East subcloud and suggests that two other groups are infalling into the NW and SE subclusters respectively. These three subgroups contain a higher fraction of star-forming galaxies than the cluster core, as expected during merging events. Abell 1367 appears as a young cluster currently forming at the intersection of two filaments.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication on A&A. High resolution figures at http://goldmine.mib.infn.it/papers/a1367.htm