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Blame Attributions Among Child Sexual Abuse Survivors and Disclosure of the Abuse
Child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure is critical for survivor´s psychosocial adjustment later in life. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between attributions of blame for child sexual abuse by the victim and the disclosure of the abuse to parents or caregivers while controlling for characteristics of the abuse.
Female college students between 17 and 24 years of age (M = 19.44, SD = 1.64) from a southern Spanish University were surveyed. Of 1547 respondents, 153 (9.90%) reported having suffered some form of CSA before the age of 15. Information about the characteristics of abuse (age of onset, type of abuse suffered, continuity of abuse, and relationship with and age of the perpetrator) and the existence of abuse disclosure by the survivor was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire developed for the present study. The Attributions of Responsibility and Blame Scale (McMillen & Zuravin, 1997) was used to assess attributions made about CSA (self-blame, perpetrator blame and family blame).
The results of a logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ² (9) = 43.856, p < .001. The model explained 41% (Nagelkerke R²) of the variance of abuse disclosure and correctly classified 85.6% of cases. Survivor disclosure was 5.50 times more likely to occur when the perpetrator was not a family member (Wald = 8.14, p < .01) and 3.95 times more likely to occur when there was not physical contact with the perpetrator (Wald = 4.30, p < .05). The occurrence of disclosure was also related to increased perpetrator age (Wald = 4.83, p < .05). With regard to the attributions of blame, the occurrence of disclosure was related to lower scores on self-blame (Wald = 6.78, p < .01) and higher scores on family blame (Wald = 9.67, p < .001). However, no relationship was found between perpetrator blame and disclosure of abuse.
The results confirm the idea that not only self-blame attributions, but also family blame attributions are critical to the decision of a CSA victim to disclose abuse. The possibility that children who do not disclose abuse have a greater need to deny the occurrence of abuse, or have more confusion about being abused is discussed. Attributions of blame should be taken into serious consideration when evaluating children for possible sexual abuse.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucÃa Tec
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Research Reports from the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project, Volume Six
Table of Contents : Background and Introduction to the 2011 Season of the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project / by Fred Valdez, Jr. and Marisol Cortes-Rincon (p.1-4) -- Investigations at Structure 3, La Milpa: The 2011 Field Season / by Debora Trein (p.5-32) -- Report of the 2011 Excavations at the South Ballcourt of La Milpa, Op A6 / by David Chatelain (p.33-44) -- Summary of the 2011 Activities of the La Milpa Core Project / by Brett A. Houk and Gregory Zaro (p.45-54) -- Summary of 2011 Field Season: Examination of Extended Lineages Associated with Courtyards 135 & 149 at La Milpa, Belize / by Brandon S. Lewis (p.55-58) -- Report on a Northern Residential Complex at La Milpa, Belize: Operation LM4 / by Deanna M. Riddick (p.59-62) -- Preliminary Notes on a Chultun Burial at La Milpa – LM-4 / by Stacy Drake (p.63-68) -- Excavations at Groups B and C, Say Kah, Belize, 2011 / by Sarah E. Jackson and Linda A. Brown (p.69-102) -- Hun Tun Archaeology: Report on the 2011 Field Season / by Robyn L. Dodge (p.103-114) -- Aguada Lagunita Elusiva (RB Lagunita), La Milpa East (RB LME) and Results of the 2011 Explorations along the LaMap East Transect Extension / by Estella Weiss-Krejci and Michael Brandl (p.115-126) -- Towards a Biography Of Place: The 2011 Season of Survey and Excavation at La Milpa North / by Eric J. Heller (p.127-144) -- Phase 2 Research at Wari Camp (RB-56): Summer 2011 / by Laura Levi (p.145-152) -- Summary Report of Investigations at the Site of Dos Hombres: Summer 2011 / by Rissa M. Trachman and Katherine MacDonald (p.153-158) -- Preliminary Report on the 2011 Activities of the Mount Allison University Archaeological Field School in Belize / by Grant R. Aylesworth (p.159-162) -- Tree Species Composition at Medicinal Trail Group A / by Nicholas Brokaw and Sheila Ward (p.163-164) -- Report on Some Stone Tools from RB 18, Northwest Belize: Guijarral and the Chispas Group / by David M. Hyde (p.165)Texas Archeological Research Laborator
Ansiedad-rasgo en mujeres vÃctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia
Empleando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, se analizaron los efectos directos e indirectos del conflicto familiar, la inseguridad emocional en el sistema familiar (desimplicación y preocupación) y los sentimientos negativos provocados por el abuso sexual infantil (ASI) sobre las puntuaciones en ansiedad-rasgo. También se controlaron los posibles efectos de otros tipos de maltrato infantil y de la continuidad del ASI sobre la ansiedad-rasgo.
La muestra estuvo compuesta por 168 mujeres estudiantes universitarias vÃctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. La existencia de ASI y sus caracterÃsticas se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario de abuso sexual infantil diseñado para esta investigación.
Los resultados mostraron que los niveles de conflictividad familiar se relacionaban directamente con la inseguridad emocional y la ansiedad-rasgo. Por su parte, la preocupación también se asociaba directamente con la ansiedad-rasgo, mientras que la desimplicación predecÃa indirectamente la ansiedad a través de los sentimientos negativos por el abuso. El haber sufrido otros tipos de abuso y/o negligencia también se relacionó con la inseguridad emocional y los sentimientos negativos por el ASI, mientras que la continuidad del abuso se asoció únicamente a los sentimientos relativos a la experiencia abusiva.
Las fuertes relaciones entre el conflicto familiar, la inseguridad emocional, los sentimientos negativos por el ASI y la ansiedad-rasgo sugieren la importancia de la intervención temprana con niños que han sufrido abuso sexual y sus familias, en un esfuerzo por mejorar sus niveles de seguridad en el sistema familiar y prevenir los sentimientos negativos provocados por el abuso.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucÃa Tech
Petrology and geochemistry of selected nepheline syenites from Malawi and their potential as alternative potash sources
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