9,045 research outputs found
Enhanced and directional single photon emission in hyperbolic metamaterials
We propose an approach to enhance and direct the spontaneous emission from
isolated emitters embedded inside hyperbolic metamaterials into single photon
beams. The approach rests on collective plasmonic Bloch modes of hyperbolic
metamaterials which propagate in highly directional beams called quantum
resonance cones. We propose a pumping scheme using the transparency window of
the hyperbolic metamaterial that occurs near the topological transition.
Finally, we address the challenge of outcoupling these broadband resonance
cones into vacuum using a dielectric bullseye grating. We give a detailed
analysis of quenching and design the metamaterial to have a huge Purcell factor
in a broad bandwidth inspite of the losses in the metal. Our work should help
motivate experiments in the development of single photon sources for broadband
emitters such as nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
The Nature of the Peculiar Virgo Cluster Galaxies NGC 4064 and NGC 4424
We present a detailed study of the peculiar HI-deficient Virgo cluster spiral
galaxies NGC 4064 and NGC 4424, using CO 1-0 interferometry, optical
imaging and integral-field spectroscopic observations, in order to learn what
type of environmental interactions have afected these galaxies. Optical imaging
reveals that NGC 4424 has a strongly disturbed stellar disk, with banana-shaped
isophotes and shells. NGC 4064, which lies in the cluster outskirts, possesses
a relatively undisturbed outer stellar disk and a central bar. In both galaxies
H-alpha emission is confined to the central kiloparsec. CO observations reveal
bilobal molecular gas morphologies, with H-alpha emission peaking inside the CO
lobes, implying a time sequence in the star formation process.Gas kinematics
reveals strong bar-like non-circular motions in the molecular gas in both
galaxies, suggesting that the material is radially infalling. In NGC 4064 the
stellar kinematics reveal strong bar-like non-circular motions in the central 1
kpc. On the other hand, NGC 4424 has extremely modest stellar rotation
velocities (Vmax ~ 30 km s-1), and stars are supported by random motions as far
out as we can measure it. The observations suggest that the peculiarities of
NGC 4424 are the result of an intermediate-mass merger plus ram pressure
stripping. In the case of NGC 4064, the evidence suggests an already stripped
"truncated/normal" galaxy that recently suffered a minor merger or tidal
interaction with another galaxy. We propose that galaxies with
"truncated/compact" H-alpha morphologies such as these are the result of the
independent effects of ram pressure stripping, which removes gas from the outer
disk, and gravitational interactions such as mergers, which heat stellar disks,
drive gas to the central kpc and increase the central mass concentrations.Comment: 42 pages, 21 figure
Biological control networks suggest the use of biomimetic sets for combinatorial therapies
Cells are regulated by networks of controllers having many targets, and
targets affected by many controllers, but these "many-to-many" combinatorial
control systems are poorly understood. Here we analyze distinct cellular
networks (transcription factors, microRNAs, and protein kinases) and a
drug-target network. Certain network properties seem universal across systems
and species, suggesting the existence of common control strategies in biology.
The number of controllers is ~8% of targets and the density of links is 2.5%
\pm 1.2%. Links per node are predominantly exponentially distributed, implying
conservation of the average, which we explain using a mathematical model of
robustness in control networks. These findings suggest that optimal
pharmacological strategies may benefit from a similar, many-to-many
combinatorial structure, and molecular tools are available to test this
approach.Comment: 33 page
- …