La “última guerra colonial” de España y la literatura militar entre memoria y conocimiento

International audienceLa comunicación propone estudiar el examen de la literatura que aborda la guerra de IfniSahara (1957-1958) como paradigma de la investigación histórica del colonialismo español en el Sahara Occidental. La ignorancia de la política colonial de España en sus posesiones saharianas constituye un hueco que solo en los últimos años algunos historiadores y antropólogos han intentado colmar (Martínez Milán 2003, López Bargados 2004, Barona Castañeda 2004). La literatura existente queda generalmente encerrada en la militancia –independencia vs/ marroquinidad del territorio –, no profundizando en las dinámicas de la historia colonial y no permitiendo una evaluación critica del “hecho colonial” en el Sahara. La denominada “ultima guerra colonial” es una feliz excepción cuantitativa; al mismo tiempo, la abundancia de la literatura no resuelve la falta de análisis científico que sigue caracterizando la reconstrucción del colonialismo sahariano y que paradigmáticamente se evidencia en la historiografía de la guerra de Ifni-SaharaLe texte présente de manière critique la littérature (scientifique et non) espagnole produite par rapport a' la guerre dénommée de "Ifni-Sahara" de 1958 et au contexte historico-politique dans lequel elle se déroula

La “última guerra colonial” de España y la literatura militar entre memoria y conocimiento

La comunicación propone estudiar el examen de la literatura que aborda la guerra de Ifni-Sahara (1957-1958) como paradigma de la investigación histórica del colonialismo español en el Sahara Occidental. La ignorancia de la política colonial de España en sus posesiones saharianas constituye un hueco que solo en los últimos años algunos historiadores y antropólogos han intentado colmar (Martínez Milán 2003, López Bargados 2004, Barona Castañeda 2004). La literatura existente queda generalmente encerrada en la militancia – independencia vs/ marroquinidad del territorio –, no profundizando en las dinámicas de la historia colonial y no permitiendo una evaluación critica del “hecho colonial” en el Sahara. La denominada “ultima guerra colonial” es una feliz excepción cuantitativa; al mismo tiempo, la abundancia de la literatura no resuelve la falta de análisis científico que sigue caracterizando la reconstrucción del colonialismo sahariano y que paradigmáticamente se evidencia en la historiografía de la guerra de Ifni-Sahara

The Role of Congestion Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

: In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, edema and congestion are related to reduced cardiac function. Edema and congestion are further aggravated by chronic kidney failure and pulmonary abnormalities. Furthermore, together with edema/congestion, sodium/water retention is an important sign of the progression of heart failure. Edema/congestion often anticipates clinical symptoms, such as dyspnea and hospitalization; it is associated with a reduced quality of life and a major risk of mortality. It is very important for clinicians to predict the signs of congestion with biomarkers and, mainly, to understand the pathophysiological findings that underlie edema. Not all congestions are secondary to heart failure, as in nephrotic syndrome. This review summarizes the principal evidence on the possible roles of the old and new congestion biomarkers in HFrEF patients (diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles). Furthermore, we provide a description of conditions other than congestion with increased congestion biomarkers, in order to aid in reaching a differential diagnosis. To conclude, the review focuses on how congestion biomarkers may be affected by new HF drugs (gliflozins, vericiguat, etc.) approved for HFrEF

COVID-19 Detection from Mass Spectra of Exhaled Breath

According to the World Health Organization, the SARS-CoV-2 virus generated a global emergency between 2020 and 2023 resulting in about 7 million deaths out of more than 750 million individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. During these years, polymerase-chain-reaction and antigen testing played a prominent role in disease control. In this study, we propose a fast and non-invasive detection system exploiting a proprietary mass spectrometer to measure ions in exhaled breath. We demonstrated that infected individuals, even if asymptomatic, exhibit characteristics in the air expelled from the lungs that can be detected by a nanotech-based technology and then recognized by soft-computing algorithms. A clinical trial was ran on about 300 patients: the mass spectra in the 10-351 mass-to-charge range were measured, suitably pre-processed, and analyzed by different classification models; eventually, the system shown an accuracy of 95% and a recall of 94% in identifying cases of COVID-19. With performances comparable to traditional methodologies, the proposed system could play a significant role in both routine examination for common diseases and emergency response for new epidemics.Comment: 15 page

Combined effects of 5-Fluorouracil, Folinic acid and Oxaliplatin on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in human colon cancer cells: pharmacological basis to develop an active antitumor immunochemotherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Five-fluorouracil (FU), mainly associated with leucovorin (L), plays an essential role in chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. Moreover, FU ± L has been found to increase the expression of tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), that may be an important target in therapeutic protocols of active specific immunotherapy. FU + L (FUL) are frequently combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) in advanced colon cancer patients. Thus, we investigated whether FUL in combination with OXA according to 2 different schedules may influence CEA expression in human colon cancer cells in vitro.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CEA protein expression was evaluated by cytofluorimetric and western blot analysis. Relative quantification of CEA mRNA was assessed by real time RT-PCR analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Levels of CEA protein and transcript were found to be higher in FUL-treated cells than in controls. However, when target cells were exposed to OXA before but not after FUL treatment, the up-regulation of CEA was partially inhibited.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that target cells must be exposed to OXA after but not before treatment with the fluoropyrimidine in order to exploit drug-induced up-regulation of CEA. This finding appears to provide useful information to design chemo-immunotherapy protocols based on FUL + OXA, combined with host's immunity against CEA directed cancer vaccines.</p

Effect of steady-state aerobic exercise intensity and duration on the relationship between reserves of heart rate and oxygen uptake

Background. The percentages of heart rate (%HRR) or oxygen uptake (%V̇O2R) reserve are used interchangeably for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity due to their assumed 1:1 relationship, although its validity is debated. This study aimed to assess if %HRR and %V̇O2R show a 1:1 relationship during steady-state exercise (SSE) and if exercise intensity and duration affect their relationship. Methods. Eight physically active males (age 22.6±1.2 years) were enrolled. Pre-exercise and maximal HR and V̇O2 were assessed on the first day. In the following 4 days, different SSEs were performed (running) combining the following randomly assigned durations and intensities: 15 min, 45 min, 60% HRR, 80% HRR. Post-exercise maximal HR and V̇O2 were assessed after each SSE. Using pre-exercise and post-exercise maximal values, the average HR and V̇O2 of the last 5 min of each SSE were converted into percentages of the reserves (%RES), which were computed in a 3-way RM-ANOVA (α=0.05) to assess if they were affected by the prescription parameter (HRR or V̇O2R), exercise intensity (60% or 80% HRR), and duration (15 or 45 min). Results. The %RES values were not affected by the prescription parameter (p=0.056) or its interactions with intensity (p=0.319) or duration and intensity (p=0.117), while parameter and duration interaction was significant (p=0.009). %HRRs and %V̇O2Rs did not differ in the 15-min SSEs (mean difference [MD]=0.7 percentage points, p=0.717), whereas %HRR was higher than %V̇O2R in the 45-min SSEs (MD=6.7 percentage points, p=0.009). Conclusion. SSE duration affects the %HRR-%V̇O2R relationship, with %HRRs higher than %V̇O2Rs in SSEs of longer duration

Acute heart failure in an adult with unrecognized congenital heart disease

We report a case of 46 year-old man, admitted to our Department for a possible massive pulmonary embolism. Instead, diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot was established by echocardiography and cardiac catetherization

Acute heart failure in an adult with unrecognized congenital heart disease

We report a case of 46 year-old man, admitted to our Department for a possible massive pulmonary embolism. Instead, diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot was established by echocardiography and cardiac catetherization