Grafito paleohispánico hallado en el depósito de Garvâo (Ourique, Beja)

La transcripción más probable del grafito en escritura del SO. o tartesia hallado en Garváo (Ourique, Beja) es aiotqi, posible antropónimo emparentado con otros bien conocidos en el área celtibérica (A jo, Aius, etc.). Este grafito testimonia el mantenimiento de la escritura indígena en la segunda Edad del Hierro en el SO. de la Península Ibérica.The most probable transcription of the graffito written in the system of writing of the SW. (or Tartessian) found in Garváo (Ourique, Beja) is aiotiii. It is a possible personal name related to others which are very well known in the Celtiberian area (Ajo, Aius, etc.). This graffito testifies the maintenance of the indigenous system of writing in the Second Iron Age in the South West of the Iberian Peninsula

El topónimo "Balda": nota a Ptolomeo "Geog". 2.4.9

Balda (cerca de Cuevas de San Marcos, Málaga), ciudad citada repetidas veces en textos medievales, aparece ya en Ptolomeo.The town of Balda (near Cuevas de San Marcos, Málaga), repeatedly mentioned in medieval texts, already appears in Ptolemy

Reflections on the origin of the place name Luanco (Asturias)

Para el topónimo Luanco hasta ahora sólo se ha propuesto una interpretación latina ( *illum anconem ‘la pequeña ensenada’), lo que conviene a las características del lugar. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta el carácter celta del sufijo doble [-anko-] y su frecuencia en la onomástica, se propone en este artículo una hipótesis celta. Se encuentra apoyo para ello en el nombre de la tribu de los Luanci ( *Luguanco- > Luanci ‘los del lugar donde está Lugu’), del que derivaría el topónimo (castellum) Luancum , no documentado en forma latina. Se examina asimismo la posibilidad de que el sufijo haya sido [-aniko], variante documentada en el nombre personal Luanikos (o nombre de familia Luanikom ) de una inscripción celtibérica. Sin embargo no se conocen hasta ahora testimonios arqueológicos de una ocupación antigua del lugar.For the toponym Luanco only a Latin interpretation ( *illum anconem ‘the small inlet’) has been proposed so far. This is appropriate to the characteristics of the place. However, taking into account the Celtic character of the double suffix [-anko-] and its frequency in the onomastics, a Celtic hypothesis is proposed in this article. Support for this is found in the name of the tribe of the Luanci ( *Lugu-an-co- > Luanci ‘the inhabitants of the place where Lugu is’), from which the toponym (castellum) Luancum , not documented in Latin form, would derive. The possibility that the suffix has been [aniko-], a variant documented in the personal name Luanikos (or family name Luanikom ) of a Celtiberian inscription, is also examined. However, no archaeological evidence of an ancient occupation of the place is known so far

The place name Sabe Gemella: note to Ravenn. 315,19

Sabe y Sabetanus (CIL). Interpretación del adjetivo Gemella y localización de la ciudad.Sabe and Sabetanus (CIL). Interpretation of the adjectiv Gemella and location of the town

Implications of mistletoe parasitism for the host metabolome: A new plant identity in the forest canopy

Catalan Government, Grant/Award Number: SGR 2017-1005; European Research Council Synergy, Grant/Award Number: IMBALANCE-P ERC-2013-SyG-610028; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Grant/Award Numbers: CLAVINOVA CGL2011-29910, ELEMENTALSHIFT PID2019-110521GB-I00; Ministerstvo Skolstvi, Mladeze a Te. lovychovy, Grant/Award Number: SustES CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797; Secretaria de Estado de Investigaci ~on, Desarrollo e Innovaci~on, Grant/Award Number: BES-2012-057125Mistletoe–host systems exemplify an intimate and chronic relationship where mistletoes represent protracted stress for hosts, causing long-lasting impact. Although host changes in morphological and reproductive traits due to parasitism are well known, shifts in their physiological system, altering metabolite concentrations, are less known due to the difficulty of quantification. Here, we use ecometabolomic techniques in the plant–plant interaction, comparing the complete metabolome of the leaves from mistletoe (Viscum album) and needles from their host (Pinus nigra), both parasitized and unparasitized, to elucidate host responses to plant parasitism. Our results show that mistletoe acquires metabolites basically from the primary metabolism of its host and synthesizes its own defence compounds. In response to mistletoe parasitism, pines modify a quarter of their metabolome over the year, making the pine canopy metabolome more homogeneous by reducing the seasonal shifts in topdown stratification. Overall, host pines increase antioxidant metabolites, suggesting oxidative stress, and also increase part of the metabolites required by mistletoe, which act as a permanent sink of host resources. In conclusion, by exerting biotic stress and thereby causing permanent systemic change, mistletoe parasitism generates a new host-plant metabolic identity available in forest canopy, which could have notable ecological consequences in the forest ecosystem.Catalan Government SGR 2017-1005European Research Council Synergy IMBALANCE-P ERC-2013-SyG-610028Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government European Commission CLAVINOVA CGL2011-29910ELEMENTALSHIFT PID2019-110521GB-I00Ministerstvo Skolstvi, Mladeze a Telovychovy SustES CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion BES-2012-05712

Mistletoe generates non-trophic and trait-mediated indirect interactions through a shared host of herbivore consumers

Indirect interactions emerge among a wide range of herbivores sharing the same plant resource. Consumers usually belong to different trophic guilds, from folivores and sapsuckers to parasitic plants. We propose that mistletoes parasitizing pines could play a key role acting as herbivores on host pines and coming indirectly into competition with other herbivores feeding on the same host. Changes caused by mistletoes on its host have been well studied, but its effects running across trophic webs remain unrevealed. In this study, we investigate the effect of European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) on the host-feeding herbivores via trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) across their shared pine host (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii). We performed field and laboratory experiments, and analyzed the net effect of different mistletoe parasite loads on three host-phytophagous species: the sapsucker Cinara pini (Aphididae), the winter folivore Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Thaumetopoeidae), and the summer folivore Brachyderes sp. (Curculionidae), all being members of different functional feeding groups (FFGs). We summarize the mistletoe–host–herbivore interactions by means of a TMII, where mistletoe parasitism causes non-trophic links and detrimental indirect interactions on pine-feeding herbivores across its shared host, suggesting a worsening of host quality as food. These indirect interactions vary according to three parameters. First, the intensity has a non-proportional relation with parasite load, showing an impact threshold on highly parasitized pines. Second, the movement capacity of insect herbivores determines their response, by decreasing the abundance of herbivores with low movement ability (aphids and pine processionary caterpillars) while altering the behavior (plant selection) of more mobile herbivores (pine weevils). Finally, FFG determines the intensity of mistletoe parasitism effects, folivores being more responsive than sapsuckers. Overall, mistletoe generates non-trophic interaction linkages in the forest able to modify community structure by becoming a nexus of the entire herbivore community of the pine canopy.This study was supported by project CLAVINOVA CGL2011-29910 to Regino Zamora from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and FPI predoctoral grant BES-2012-057125 to Alba Lázaro- González from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Grafitos tartesios hallados en Niebla (Huelva) y su contexto arqueológico

El presente artículo aborda el estudio tipológico y epigráfico de una serie de grafitos tartésicos sobre cerámica gris hallados en Niebla (Huelva) en una intervención arqueológica efectuada en la zona conocida como “Desembarcadero” en 1992. La excepcional calidad de los grafitos y el hecho de haberse encontrado en una intervención arqueológica reglada hacen de este análisis una importante fuente de información histórica. Si a ello le sumamos que el lugar en el que tuvo lugar el hallazgo es una de las zonas con mayor riqueza en cuanto a estructuras arquitectónicas defensivas de la ciudad protohistórica, hacen que el estudio de los materiales allí encontrados supongan un importante referente a la hora de abordar el estudio de este territorio en general y de este enclave en particular. De este modo, los resultados del análisis tipológico y epigráfico de las piezas nos permitirán incrementar el catálogo de la escritura tartesia además de profundar en el conocimiento histórico de la Niebla protohistórica. </div

First measurement of the 94Nb(n,γ) cross section at the CERN n_TOF facility

One of the crucial ingredients for the improvement of stellar models is the accurate knowledge of neutron capture cross-sections for the different isotopes involved in the s-,r- and i- processes. These measurements can shed light on existing discrepancies between observed and predicted isotopic abundances and help to constrain the physical conditions where these reactions take place along different stages of stellar evolution. In the particular case of the radioactive 94Nb, the 94Nb(n,γ) cross-section could play a role in the determination of the s-process production of 94Mo in AGB stars, which presently cannot be reproduced by state-of-the-art stellar models. There are no previous 94Nb(n,γ) experimental data for the resolved and unresolved resonance regions mainly due to the difficulties in producing highquality samples and also due to limitations in conventional detection systems commonly used in time-of-flight experiments. Motivated by this situation, a first measurement of the 94Nb(n,γ) reaction was carried out at CERN n_TOF, thereby exploiting the high luminosity of the EAR2 area in combination with a new detection system of small-volume C6D6-detectors and a high quality 94Nb-sample. The latter was based on hyper-pure 93Nb material activated at the high-flux reactor of ILL-Grenoble. An innovative ring-configuration detection system in close geometry around the capture sample allowed us to significantly enhance the signal-to-background ratio. This set-up was supplemented with two conventional C6D6-detectors and a highresolution LaCl3(Ce)-detector, which will be employed for addressing reliably systematic effects and uncertainties. At the current status of the data analysis, 18 resonance in 94Nb+n have been observed for the first time in the neutron energy range from thermal up to 10 keV.European Research Council (ERC)European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Consolidator Grant project HYMNS, with grant agreement No. 681740)ICJ220-045122-IMCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTRSpanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under grants PID2019-104714GB-C21, FPA2017-83946-C2-1-P, FIS2015-71688-ERCCSICPIE-201750I2