Effect of the substitutional elements on the microstructure of the Ti-15Mo-Zr and Ti-15Zr-Mo systems alloys

AbstractTitanium alloys have excellent biocompatibility, and combined with their low elastic modulus, become more efficient when applied in orthopedic prostheses. Samples of Ti-15Mo-Zr and Ti-15Zr-Mo system alloys were prepared using an arc-melting furnace with argon atmosphere. The chemical quantitative analysis was performed using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma and thermal conductivity difference. The X-ray diffractograms, allied with optical microscopy, revealed the structure and microstructure of the samples. The mechanical analysis was evaluated by Vickers microhardness measurements. The structure and microstructure of alloys were sensitive to molybdenum and zirconium concentration, presenting α′, α″ and β phases. Molybdenum proved to have greater β-stabilizer action than zirconium. Microhardness was changed with addition of molybdenum and zirconium, having Ti-15Zr-10Mo (436±2HV) and Ti-15Mo-10Zr (378±4HV) the highest values in each system

Experimental assessment of low-temperature martensite transformations in Ni-rich polycrystalline Ni-Ti alloys

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements of a commercially available Ni-rich polycrystalline NieTi alloy were simultaneously obtained upon cooling from room temperature (RT) down to 130 K. The anelastic spectra show multiple anomalies in both velocity and attenuation curves, which evidence a complex nature of structural rearrangements exhibited by NieTi alloy, associated with relaxations and phase transformations. In particular, some evident anomalies at 285 and 180 K, not previously exploited using ultrasonic measurements on Ni-rich polycrystalline NieTi alloy, were associated with austenite to pre-martensitic (B2 / R) and pre-martensitic to martensitic (R/ B19’) phase transitions, respectively. The peculiar temperature separation between these transformations was interpreted based on chemical composition and the NieTi alloy microstructure evolution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also used to add complementary results about phase transformations and thermal events exhibited by NieTi alloy at low temperatures

Efeito de elementos susbstitucionais e intersticiais nas propriedades mecânicas e na biocompatibilidade de ligas do sistema Ti-15Zr-xMo

Titanium and its alloys are used in the biomedical area primarily as cardiovascular, orthopedic and dental implants, due to the high mechanical resistance and density ratio, low modulus of elasticity, excellent corrosion and wear resistance, plus proven biocompatibility. The zirconium presents similar chemical properties to titanium, and can improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance. Molybdenum is a strong β-stabilizer, which can decrease the modulus of elasticity and improve corrosion resistance. In this work we analyzed the effects of alloying elements and thermomechanical treatments in Ti-15Zr-xMo (x= 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) alloys, aiming at biomedical applications. The quality of the samples was evaluated by optical spectrometry, EDS, chemical mapping and density measurements. The structural characterization was obtained by DRX measurments and analysis by the Rietveld's method. The microstructural characterization was performed by OM, SEM and TEM. The mechanical properties were analyzed by measures of Vickers microhardness and modulus of elasticity. The chemical characterizations indicate a good quality of alloys for the study. The structural characterization indicated a crystalline structure with a+β phases for Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy, mestable β phase for Ti-15Zr-10Mo alloy, and β phase for Ti-15Zr-15Zr and Ti-15Mo-20Mo alloys. The microstructural characterization exhibited the formation of a phase in the form of fine acicular structures and β phase as equiaxial grains. The mechanical analysis indicated that the hardness and modulus of elasticity of the alloys were sensitive to the concentration of molybdenum. The microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed also with interstitical oxygen dependence, moreover, the thermomechanical treatments change significantly the microstructure of alloys. Cytotoxic effects were not observed in any of the studied alloys. The Ti-15Zr-15Mo presented better mechanical compatibility and...Titânio e suas ligas são utilizados na área biomédica principalmente como implantes cardiovasculares, ortopédicos e dentários, devido à elevada razão resistência mecânica e densidade, baixo módulo de elasticidade, excelente resistência à corrosão e ao desgaste, além de comprovada biocompatibilidade. O zircônio apresenta propriedades químicas semelhantes ao tiânio, podendo melhorar a resistência mecânica e de corrosão.O molibdênio é um forte β-estabilizador, que pode diminuir o módulo de elasticidade e melhorar a resistência à corrosão. Neste trabalho foram analisados os efeitos dos elementos de liga e tratamentos termomecânicos em ligas de Ti-15Zr-xMo (x= 5, 15 e 20 %p), visando aplicações biomédicas. A qualidade das amostras foi avaliada por espectrometria óptica, EDS, mapeamento químico e medidas de densidade. A caracterização estrutural foi obtida por medidas de DRX e análise pelo método de Rietveld. A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada por MO, MEV e MET. As propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas por medidas de microdureza Vickers e módulo de elasticidade. As caracterizações químicas indicaram uma boa qualidade das ligas para o estudo. A caracterização estrutural indicou uma estrutura cristalina com fases a+β para a liga Ti-15Zr-5Mo, fase β metaestável para a liga Ti-15Zr-10Mo, e fase β para Ti-15Zr-15Mo e Ti-15Zr-20Mo. A caracterização microestrutural exibiu a formação da fase a na forma de estruturas aciculares finas e a fase β como grãos equiaxiais. A análise mecânica indicou que a dureza e o módulo de elasticidade das ligas foram sensíveis à concentração de molibdênio. A microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas analisadas apresentaram também dependências do teor de oxigênio intersticial, além disso, os tratamentos termomecânicos possibilitaram a alteração da microestrutura das ligas significativamente. Não foram observados efeitos citotóxicos em nenhuma...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-Zr-Mo alloys for biomedical applications

New titanium alloys for biomedical applications have been developed primarily with the addition of Nb, Ta, Mo, and Zr, because those elements stabilize the β phase and they don’t cause cytotoxicity in the organism. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of molybdenum on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) alloys. The samples were produced in an arc-melting furnace with inert argon atmosphere, and they were hot-rolled and homogenized. The samples were characterized using chemical, structural, and microstructural analysis. The mechanical analysis was made using Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus measurements. The compositions of the alloys were sensitive to the molybdenum concentration, indicating the presence of α’+α”+β phases in the Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy, α”+β in the Ti-15Zr-10Mo alloy, and β phase in the Ti-15Zr-15Mo and Ti-15Zr-20Mo alloys. The mechanical properties showed favorable values for biomedical application in the alloys presenting high hardness and low Young’s modulus compared with CP-Ti

Mechanical Spectroscopy of Ti-15Zr-based Alloys with Mo Addition

<div><p>In this paper, the effect of substitutional Mo amounts in internal friction and interstitial diffusion mechanisms was analyzed in Ti-15Zr-based alloys. Mechanical spectroscopy was obtained from room temperature up to 730 K with frequencies between 1 Hz and 40 Hz. Internal friction spectra were composed by anelastic relaxation peaks in β-type alloys (metastable and stable), due to stress-induced ordering of oxygen and nitrogen interstitially in octahedral sites of the bcc crystalline structure. Peak decomposition analysis exhibited interactions between matrix-interstitial (Ti-O and Ti-N), substitutional-interstitial (Zr-O, Mo-O and Mo-N), and clusters (Ti-O-O and Zr-O-O). The diffusion results showed that the introduction of Mo facilitates the diffusion of interstitial elements in the metallic matrix.</p></div

Effect of Thermomechanical Treatments on Microstructure, Phase Composition, Vickers Microhardness, and Young’s Modulus of Ti-xNb-5Mo Alloys for Biomedical Applications

The development of new β-Ti alloys has been extensively studied in the medical field in recent times due to their more suitable mechanical properties, such as a relatively low Young’s modulus. This paper analyzes the influence of heat treatments (homogenization and annealing) and hot rolling on the microstructure, phase composition, and some mechanical properties of ternary alloys of the Ti-xNb-5Mo system, with an amount of Nb varying between 0 and 30 wt%. The samples are produced by argon arc melting. After melting, the samples are homogenized at 1000 °C for 24 h and are hot rolled and annealed at 1000 °C for 6 h with slow cooling. Structural and microstructural analyses are made using X-ray diffraction and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties are evaluated by Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus. The amount of β phase increases after heat treatment and reduces after hot rolling. The microhardness and Young’s modulus of all heat-treated samples decrease when compared with the hot rolled ones. Some samples exhibit atypical Young’s modulus and microhardness values, such as 515 HV for the as-cast Ti-10Nb-5Mo sample, indicating the possible presence of ω phase in the microstructure. The Ti-30Nb-5Mo sample suffers less variation in its phase composition with thermomechanical treatments due to the β-stabilizing effect of the alloying elements. The studied mechanical properties indicate that the annealed Ti-30Nb-5Mo sample has potential for biomedical applications, exhibiting a Young’s modulus value of 69 GPa and a microhardness of 236 HV