Malignant Scalp Tumors: Retrospective Analysis of 1000 Patients.

Abstract Background: Limited data on large cohort of patients with malignant tumors of the scalp are available in the literature. e aim of this study was to review a large cohort of patients with malignant scalp tumors to determine epidemilogy, tumor characteristics of this region and treatment. Materials and Method: A retrospective review of patients with malignant scalp tumors diagnosed histopathologically between 2005 and 2021 was performed. Demographic features and tumor characteristics were analyzed. Results: A total of 1080 patients (M: F 3,5:1) were treated and followed up for a mean period of 42 months (12-120 months). Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 to 98 years. Most malignant scalp tumors (95,1%) occurred in those 50 years or older and in bald patients (87%). Basal cell carcinomas (59,2%), squamous cell carcinomas (32,2%) and melanomas were the most common histologic types. Incidence was highest on the frontal of temporal region (66,1%). Recurrence was frequently in squamous and basal cell carcinomas but uncommon in melanoma. Conclusions: Tumors of the scalp accounted about 8,01 % of all skin cancers. Tend to be basal and squamous cell carci- nomas, many of which occur in the temporal and frontal region of bald men. e outlook for patients with scalp tumor is positive, although we suggest excision margins of at least 3-4 mm and continued clinical vigilance is warranted given their higher recurrence rates. MLN: Melanom

VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITION AND MIGRATION OF BASIN DEPOCENTRES AFTER THE ERUPTION OF THE NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF: THE POZZUOLY BAY (NAPLES, ITALY)

The Campi Flegrei is an active caldera located on the coastal zone of SW Italy (Fig. 1), close to the town of Naples Bay, that has been characterized by explosive activity and unrest throughout the Late Quaternary. This area represents a very active segment of the Eastern Tyrrhenian margin and may be regarded as an ideal laboratory to understand the mechanisms of caldera dynamics and the interplay between volcanism, tectonics and sedimentary processes along a continental back-arc margin. Recent research at Campi Flegrei has shown that a significant part of the offshore volcaniclastic products and structures, the late-stage geodynamic evolution of the inner caldera resurgence and the stratal geometry of the caldera fill are still poorly known. Particularly, highresolution seismic data highlight the presence of an intra-caldera resurgent dome in the inner sector of the Pozzuoli bay that underwent significant uplift/subsidence after the eruption of the NYT (Sacchi et al., this volume). In this study we integrate geophysical data of different resolution/penetration obtained from high-resolution reflection seismic profiles (Chirp and Sparker sources) partly calibrated by gravity core in order to provide a 3D depositional model of density flows and migration of basin depocentres for the Pozzuoli Bay after the eruption of the NYT. The new data document the occurrence of two distinct layers of resediments, mostly represented by density flow deposits, separated by an interval of hemipelagic sediments. The two density flow units display a remarkable difference in their thickness and internal geometry. Across the bay, the lower unit is ca 5m thick in the western sector and reaches its maximum of ca 10 m in the central sector while it is absent towards the east. The upper unit, on the contrary, displays the minimum thickness of 10m close to the central sector of the bay and increases up to ca 16 and 12m in the western and eastern sector of the bay, respectively. The variation in thickness of the density flow deposits appears to be related with the amount of sediments available. The upper density flow deposits is also internally more chaotic respect to the lower one, suggesting higher energy and/or turbulence (Fig. 2). Sections and isopach maps clearly illustrate that the basin depocentre topography is not fixed at one position but migrates southwards in time (Fig. 3). Based on the above observations, we suggest that the uplift of the resurgent dome and subsidence of the southern sector, occurred after the eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, acted as a major control in the increase of the sea-floor gradient in the Pozzuoli bay. This may have triggered in turn, the deposition of gravity flow deposits along with a progressive migration of basin depocentres through time

Architettura stratigrafica ed evoluzione del Golfo di Pozzuoli negli ultimi 15 ka:una nuova prospettiva sulla caldera del Tufo Giallo Napoletano,Campi Flegrei, margine tirrenico orientale.

I Campi Flegrei rappresentano un distretto vulcanico attivo che si sviluppa al confine tra il settore emerso e sommerso del margine continentale campano. Il distretto vulcanico occupa una superficie di circa 200 km2, è strutturalmente dominato da una caldera di collasso del diametro di circa 8 km formatasi in seguito all’eruzione del Tufo Giallo Napoletano (TGN), un deposito ignimbritico del volume di 30-50 km3 Dense Rock Equivalent, datato a 15 ka B.P. circa, ed è attivo da almeno 78 ka B.P circa. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di ricostruire l’architettura stratigrafica e l’evoluzione vulcanotettonica tardo-Quaternaria del sistema caldera di collasso - faglia anulare - risorgenza intra-calderica del settore sommerso della caldera del TGN. A tal fine è stata analizzata una fitta maglia di profili sismici a riflessione monocanale di alta (Sparker) ed altissima (Subbottom Chirp) risoluzione. I dati sismici sono stati successivamente integrati sia con quelli ottenuti dall’analisi di carotaggi a gravità e batimetrici multibeam che con quelli disponibili in letteratura e, nell’insieme, analizzati in ambiente GIS. I nuovi dati indicano che il settore interno dell’area collassata a seguito dell’eruzione del TGN evolve inizialmente in condizioni di mare basso. L’area intra-calderica viene successivamente interessata dalla formazione di una struttura antiforme (risorgenza intra-calderica) il cui tasso di sollevamento è stato comparabile con l’innalzamento eustatico nell’intervallo Pleistocene superiore – Olocene [Lambeck et al., 2011]. A circa 10 ka B.P. il settore centrale della struttura risorgente raggiunge l’esposizione subaerea (terrazzo morfologico de “La Starza”). La calibrazione dei profili sismici Chirp con markers tefro-stratigrafici riconosciuti in un carotaggio e datati al 1538 A.D., 79 A.D. indica l’instaurarsi di un periodo di subsidenza in epoca post-Romana, registrato dall’annegamento di 10-25 m del cuneo di progradazione infralittorale rispetto alle profondità di equilibrio funzionale attualmente segnalate in area Mediterranea. L’interpretazione sismostratigrafica rivela, inoltre, la presenza di fluidi che risalgono attraverso la zona di faglia anulare che delimita la caldera del TGN. Bibliografia Lambeck, K., Antonioli, F., Anzidei, M., Ferranti, L., Leoni, G., Scicchitano, G., Silenzi, S., (2011). Sea level change along the Italian coast during the holocene and projections for the future. Quaternary International, 232, 250-257

Seismic expression of the shallow structure of The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera offshore the Campi Flegrei

In this study we integrate high-resolution swath bathymetry, single-channel reflection seismic data and gravity core data, to provide new insights into the shallow structure and latest Quaternary to Holocene evolution of the submerged sector of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera (Campi Flegrei) in the Pozzuoli Bay. The new data allow for a reconstruction of the offshore geometry of the NYT caldera collapse \u2013 ring fault system, along with the style and timing of deformation of the inner caldera resurgence. Our interpretation shows that the NYT eruption (~15 ka BP) was associated with a caldera collapse bounded by an inward-dipping ring fault system. The ring fault system consists in a 1-2 km wide fault zone that encircles an inner caldera region ~ 5 km in diameter and is often marked by the occurrence of pore fluids ascending through the fault zone, up to the seafloor, particularly in the western sector of the bay. A shallow magmatic intrusion along the ring fault zone was also detected offshore Bagnoli in the eastern part of the Pozzuoli Bay (Sacchi et al., 2014). Following the NYT eruption, the inner caldera region underwent significant deformation and resurgence with a maximum cumulative uplift of the offshore structure in the order of 180 m. The net uplift rate of the caldera resurgent dome was ~ 9 - 12 mm/year during the period 15.0 \u2013 6.6 ka BP. The style of deformation of the resurgent structure can be described in terms of a broad doming, accompanied by subordinate brittle deformation, mostly concentrated in a small apical graben at the summit of the resurgent dome (Cole et al., 2005). Chronostratigraphic calibration of seismic profiles obtained by three tephra layers cored in the Pozzuoli Bay indicates 5 to 25 m of post-Roman differential subsidence and tilting towards ESE of the inner caldera resurgence, as recorded by the drowning of the infralittoral prograding wedge below the present-day storm wave base

The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera offshore the Campi Flegrei: Stratal architecture and kinematic reconstruction during the last 15 ky

In this study we integrate high-resolution swath bathymetry, single channel reflection seismic data and gravity core data, to provide new insights into the shallow structure and latest Quaternary to Holocene evolution of the submerged sector of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera (Campi Flegrei) in the Pozzuoli Bay. The new data allow for a reconstruction of the offshore geometry of the NYT caldera collapse\u2013ring fault system, along with the style and timing of deformation of the inner caldera resurgence. Our interpretation shows that the NYT eruption (~15 ka BP) was associated with a caldera collapse bounded by an inward-dipping ring fault system. The ring fault system consists in a 1\u20132 km wide fault zone that encircles an inner caldera region ~5 km in diameter and is often marked by the occurrence of pore fluids ascending through the fault zone, up to the seafloor, particularly in the western sector of the bay. A shallow magmatic intrusion along the ring fault zone was also detected offshore Bagnoli in the eastern part of the Pozzuoli Bay. Following the NYT eruption, the inner caldera region underwent significant deformation and resurgence with a maximum cumulative uplift of the offshore structure in the order of 180 m. The net uplift rate of the caldera resurgent dome was ~9\u201312 mm/year during the period 15.0\u20136.6 ka BP. The style of deformation of the resurgent structure can be described in terms of a broad doming, accompanied by subordinate brittle deformation, mostly concentrated in a small apical graben at the summit of the resurgent dome. Chronostratigraphic calibration of seismic profiles obtained by three tephra layers cored in the Pozzuoli Bay indicates 5 to 25 m of post-Roman differential subsidence and tilting towards ESE of the inner caldera resurgence, as recorded by the drowning of the infralittoral prograding wedge below the present-day storm wave base

The polyphasic Protocol for the Keloid

The occurrence of keloids is a common clinical problem that can cause functional impairment and cosmetic deformities. They are pathological cutaneous scars that occur due to surgery, burns or other traumatic wounds. Keloids are manifestations of a loss of the control mechanism that regulates wound repair (inflammation, neoangiogenesis and synthesis of extracellular matrix). The authors present their polyphasic protocol for the treatment of keloids: it consists of a combination of intralesional excision, steroid injections and dye-laser treatment over a period of four months. In our research, we have selected patients who have been clinically diagnosed to have keloid scars, which have been diagnosed for at least one year (50 patients, from January 2005 to December 2014). Our polyphasic protocol works on the different phases of the scarring process, altered in keloids; the uncontrolled process in keloid scars is kept in check by the combination of surgical and nonsurgical approaches, and is based on the knowledge on wound healing. In all cases the results obtained are satisfactory, with a keloid scar size decrease of at least 75% from the original dimensions and an improvement of the adaptation of the keloid to surrounding skin. The occurrence of keloids is a common clinical problem that can cause functional impairment and cosmetic deformities. They are pathological cutaneous scars that occur due to surgery, burns or other traumatic wounds. Keloids are manifestations of a loss of the control mechanism that regulates wound repair (inflammation, neoangiogenesis and synthesis of extracellular matrix). The authors present their polyphasic protocol for the treatment of keloids: it consists of a combination of intralesional excision, steroid injections and dye-laser treatment over a period of four months. In our research, we have selected patients who have been clinically diagnosed to have keloid scars, which have been diagnosed for at least one year (50 patients, from January 2005 to December 2014). Our polyphasic protocol works on the different phases of the scarring process, altered in keloids; the uncontrolled process in keloid scars is kept in check by the combination of surgical and nonsurgical approaches, and is based on the knowledge on wound healing. In all cases the results obtained are satisfactory, with a keloid scar size decrease of at least 75% from the original dimensions and an improvement of the adaptation of the keloid to surrounding skin

Surgical Treatment of Extravasation Injuries

The authors present their experience of treating anti-cancer drug extravasation by means of a composite surgical technique that consists of infiltration with physiological solution and hyaluronidase and subsequent manual aspiration of solutes alternated with profuse irrigation of the infiltrated area. In the immediate post-op we carry out a medical therapy that consists of calciparine and topic antibiotic and/or steroid creams. Since the year 2000 this technique has been used on 25 patients. We have had neither complications nor scars. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, IncSurgical treatment of extravasation injuries. Napoli P, Corradino B, Badalamenti G, Tripoli M, Vieni S, Furfaro MF, Cordova A, Moschella F. Source Chirurgia Plastica e Ricostruttiva, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy. [email protected] Abstract The authors present their experience of treating anti-cancer drug extravasation by means of a composite surgical technique that consists of infiltration with physiological solution and hyaluronidase and subsequent manual aspiration of solutes alternated with profuse irrigation of the infiltrated area. In the immediate post-op we carry out a medical therapy that consists of calciparine and topic antibiotic and/or steroid creams. Since the year 2000 this technique has been used on 25 patients. We have had neither complications nor scars

Basin-scale interaction between post-LGM faulting and morpho-sedimentary processes in the S. Eufemia Gulf (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

The integrated interpretation of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seismic profiles and backscatter data in the S. Eufemia Gulf (SEG; Calabro-Tyrrhenian continental margin, south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) documents the relationship between postglacial fault activity and morpho-sedimentary processes. Three systems of active normal faults that affect the seafloor or the shallow subsurface, have been identified: 1) the S. Eufemia fault system located on the continental shelf with fault planes mainly oriented N26E-N40E; 2) the offshore fault system that lies on the continental slope off Capo Suvero with fault planes mainly oriented N28E-N60E; 3) the Angitola Canyon fault system located on the seafloor adjacent to the canyon having fault planes oriented N60EN85E. The faults produce a belt of linear escarpments with vertical displacement varying from a few decimeters to about 12 m. One of the most prominent active structures is the fault F1 with the highest fault length (about 9.5 km). Two main segments of this fault are identified: a segment characterised by seafloor deformation with metric slip affecting Holocene deposits; a segment characterised by folding of the seafloor. A combined tectonostratigraphic model of an extensional fault propagation fold is proposed here to explain such different deformation.In addition to the seabed escarpments produced by fault deformation, in the SEG, a strong control of fault activity on recent sedimentary processes is clearly observed. For example, canyons and channels frequently change their course in response to their interaction with main tectonic structures. Moreover, the upper branch of the Angitola Canyon shows straight flanks determined by fault scarps. Tectonics also determined different sediment accumulation rates and types of sedimentation (e.g., the accumulation of hanging wall turbidite deposits and the development of contourite deposits around the Maida Ridge). Furthermore, the distribution of landslides is often connected to main fault scarps and fluids are locally confined in the hanging wall side of faults and can escape at the seabed, generating pockmarks aligned along their footwall

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant\u2019Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant\u2019Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (>3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (<1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an 3cE-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant\u2019Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc